Although overviews offer a comprehensive method for synthesizing evidence, they also come with important methodological limitations. You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. Eleven of the SRs used meta-analysis to combine results [1828], whereas the remaining nine SRs narratively synthesized results [2937]. WHO has long recognized the link between healthand education and the potential for schools to playa central role in safeguarding student health andwell-being. We would like to thank Tomas Allen for his guidance and support in designing the search strategy. Independent Oversight and Advisory Committee, WHO guideline on school health services: Web Annex A. Compendium, WHO guideline on NASN2023 Early Rate Countdown Clock - Deadline Extended to May 15th! In addition, school-age childrenand adolescents have positive physical, sexual,psychosocial and neurocognitive health anddevelopment needs as they progress from childhoodto adulthood. This lag may preclude the ability for an overview to truly reflect current knowledge [13]. Two reviewers (KK and JL) screened all titles and abstracts using the inclusion/exclusion criteria and excluded all articles that were definitely ineligible. This initiative is dedicated to promoting development of school health programs and increasing the number of health-promoting schools, characterized by WHO as a school constantly strengthening its capacity as a healthy setting for living, learning and working [1]. Only one of the 20 SRs included in this overview examined studies from a majority of LMIC and LIC [22,38]. For . To receive email updates about this page, enter your email address: We take your privacy seriously. Mostcountries have some form of SHS, but many suchprogrammes currently are not evidence-based,are not implemented well, are underfunded and/orare delivered with limited reach and scope. Schools offer a unique platform for health care delivery. All rights reserved. The authors found improvements in classroom behavior, symptoms of ODD, and symptoms of SAD [33]. The data was too heterogeneous to meta-analyze, and the authors determined that the certainty of the evidence of the benefit of dental screening in increasing dental attendance was very low [18]. About eight-in-ten U.S. murders in 2021 - 20,958 out of 26,031, or 81% - involved a firearm. Information from school health records will show proof of student health issues that ought to be self-addressed. Risk of bias within primary studies was recorded in Table B in S4 Appendix. Health Record to Teacher: Purpose: 1. You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. Thank you for taking the time to confirm your preferences. However, the SR suggested that the studies were ineffective in changing self-reported risky behaviors, although follow-up was either immediate or short-term (less than 6 months) [35]. School health services (SHS), as defined in this guideline, are services provided by a health worker to students enrolled in . Depending on the content and approach of the school health assessment, there might be ways to use data gathered from any of these tools to create a generalized view of school health systems, programs, and services in a state, district, school, or community. Searches were performed on June 15, 2018. The final SR on mental health services examined well-being interventions for children with a parent in the military [29]. In a sensitivity analysis that we conducted comparing systematic* with systematic review we found that the number of search results increased almost three-fold, but did not reveal any new articles that would eventually have met the subsequent eligibility criteria (search results available on request).
Investigating the effectiveness of school health services - PLOS The 2017 Global Accelerated Action for the Health of Adolescents (AA-HA!) We are also grateful for advice from the WHO school health services guideline Steering Group and Guideline Development Group members. Schroeder and colleagues reviewed the effectiveness of obesity treatment and prevention interventions that specifically involved a school nurse (Table 3D) [26]. Evans and colleagues found strong evidence from China, Tanzania, and India that school vision screening for correctable visual acuity deficits increased wearing of spectacles when spectacles were provided at no cost [21].
Electronic Health Records: An Essential Tool for School Nurses - NASN Nonetheless, it is interesting to note that all four of the SRs given moderate or high levels of confidence were Cochrane reviews. Records are being kept on students who are well (screening, immunization, and episodic health room care); and students with chronic health conditions (emergency care planning; daily treatment and response data for students with conditions such as asthma; severe allergies; seizure disorders; and Type I Diabetes). Meta-analysis indicated small, yet statistically significant, reductions in body mass index (BMI), BMI z-score, and BMI percentile for both obesity treatment and prevention [26]. Results from this overview suggest that certain interventions can be effective in improving child and adolescent health outcomes, and thus may be worthwhile for integration into school health programs. You can review and change the way we collect information below. Fig 1 displays the PRISMA flowchart for the search. Cookies used to enable you to share pages and content that you find interesting on CDC.gov through third party social networking and other websites. Vision screening is one of the most common forms of school health services [9], although the majority of programs are concentrated in high-income countries (HIC) [21]. A school health assessment is a systematic collection, review, and analysis of information about school health-related policies and programs for the purpose of improving students' health and educational outcomes. What is a school health assessment?A school health assessment is a systematic collection, review, and analysis of information about school health-related policies and programs for the purpose of improving students health and educational outcomes. To receive email updates about this page, enter your email address: We take your privacy seriously.
PDF SCHOOL HEALTH RECORD - Pennsylvania Department of Health Chung and colleagues systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed universal sleep education programs as compared to no additional sleep intervention from Australia, New Zealand, Brazil, and Hong Kong (Table 3G) [20]. S3 Appendix. Maintaining accurate records is essential to provid- ing quality care and protecting the health and safety of children in child care settings. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website.
The Importance of Electronic Health Records - Naveen Jindal School of These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. This implies that a narrower range of SRs would have been eligible if a stricter cut-off had been selected, and vice versa. Data items included the research design of the SR and primary studies, sample description and setting, intervention characteristics, outcomes, meta-analysis results, quality appraisal, and conclusions. Geryk and colleagues found that education on correct use of an inhaler improved inhaler technique, regardless of deliverer, method, or duration of the intervention [31]. Reasons for exclusion were selected from the ranked list. There were no date restrictions on publication of included SRs. CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website. In 1995, WHO launched the Global School Health Initiative, which aimed to strengthen approaches to health promotion in schools. Due to the heterogeneity of the SRs included in this overview, it was not possible to perform a meta-analysis. Finally, overlap of primary trials between SRs can bias results of an overview [15]. Valentina Baltag, School health assessments give schools a snapshot in time of programs and policies that address student and staff health.
Telehealth in Schools - National School Boards Association While this overview found significant gaps in the evidence for certain health areas, this does not necessarily mean that relevant high quality primary trials have not been conducted. However, it was unclear whether these studies involved a health provider [22]. That marked the highest percentage since at least 1968, the earliest year for which the CDC has online records. Retain all of your child's school accounts can help you see trends and patterns over time. The most promising evidence from a SR was on topical application of fluoride gel for the prevention of dental caries [25], although the necessity of this intervention may be questioned where flouridated commerical toothpaste is readily available. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
However, in the studies included in both Gold and colleagues and McDonald and Dreys SRs, the numbers of participants per intervention group were very small: 410 and 1225 per study, respectively, introducing possibility of bias [23,33]. Assessments of music [23] and art therapy [33] in two SRs reported weak evidence of effectiveness. Hennegan and Montgomery assessed the effectiveness of hardware and software menstrual management interventions (Table 3B) [22]. Arora and colleagues did not find any RCTs that looked at the effectiveness of dental health screening versus no screening on improving oral health outcomes, but their search did locate six RCTs from the United Kingdom and India with dental care attendance as the outcome [18]. As part of the records types, the academic records are known as an important asset for . Through a comprehensive literature search, the overview aimed to identify health areas and specific school health service interventions that have at least some evidence of effectiveness. They help us to know which pages are the most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site. No review evaluated the effectiveness of a multi-component school health services intervention addressing multiple health areas. However, these results did not persist at follow-up [20]. The Secondary Education Commission has recommended the maintenance of cumulative record of each pupil by the class teachers. However, this conclusion should be interpreted cautiously due to small effect sizes, small sample sizes, and conflicting evidence on the effectiveness of music therapy between Sullivan and Simonson [36] and Gold and colleagues [23]. Systematic reviews of intervention studies that evaluated school-based or school-linked health services delivered by a health provider were included. S7 Appendix gives the PRISMA checklist that was used. A meta-analysis of two studies on sanitary pad provision found a moderate but statistically non-significant effect on school attendance. One of the central questions of this overview was whether the school health services that are regularly delivered across the globe are evidence-based.
PDF Electronic Health Records: An Essential Tool for School Nurses to - ed Quality appraisal of primary studies. The most common reasons for exclusion were, first, if at least 50% of studies included within a SR were unclear for at least one criterion (e.g. The final three SRs either did not state the locations of included studies [27,34] or provided regions rather than specific country locations [26]. Every business we know is rapidly moving away from paper, as proven by online transactions, grocery stores, doctor's offices, gas stations, and airlines.
Linking School Nurses With Health Care Systems Using EHRs: An Staff from all three organizations can assist schools in meeting both their state requirements and their program requirements. Silver Spring, MD: Author. Can schools complete more than one school health assessment simultaneously?Yes, but this should only be done if you have state or program requirements that require multiple assessments to be completed. In contrast with Gold and colleagues [23], this SR by Sullivan and Simonson found negative effects from music therapy interventions [36].
Importance of School Records Management: What Your Competitors Say Qualified professionals such as school nurses, nurse practitioners, dentists, health educators, physicians, physician assistants, and allied health personnel provide these services.
Linking School Nurses With Health Care Systems Using EHRs: An A SR on sexual health interventions for prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in sub-Saharan African countries found that educational interventions were successful in increasing knowledge and attitudes for participants (Table 3F) [35]. broad scope, and wide readership a perfect fit for your research every time. The corrected covered area (CCA) was found to be 1, indicating only slight overlap between the 20 SRs. PLOS ONE promises fair, rigorous peer review, This overview and the upcoming WHO guideline will specifically address school health services delivered by health providers. The significance of records management to public healthcare facilities and institutions includes operational cost reduction and elimination of duplicated overhead costs; eliminates the creation. These cookies perform functions like remembering presentation options or choices and, in some cases, delivery of web content that based on self-identified area of interests. In addition to these criteria for included studies, the SRs themselves had to fulfill the following criteria: (a) included the words systematic review in the title or abstract; (b) outlined inclusion criteria within the methods section; (c) published in peer-reviewed journals and indexed before June 15, 2018; (d) published in the English language. In addition, both the Healthy School Report Card and the Healthy Schools Inventory may be used to collect data for evaluation.Are there requirements to use a school health assessment?Yes, in some states and districts. Additionally, resources differ by income level and therefore effective interventions in HIC may need to be tailored or changed entirely in order to be feasible in LMIC and LIC. Thank you for taking the time to confirm your preferences. The FRESH framework promotes four pillars: health-related school policies, provision of safe water and sanitation, skills-based health education and school-based health and nutrition services [2]. Although three SRs mentioned the cost of specialized professionals delivering interventions versus teachers or a school nurse [26,32,36], cost, let alone cost-effectiveness, was not closely analyzed in any of the included SRs. of school health services globally: These criteria likely exclude potentially relevant literature.
(PDF) The Importance of Health Records - ResearchGate Table 1 summarizes the characteristics of the 20 included SRs. Records are being kept on students who are well (screening, immunization, and episodic health room care); and students with chronic health conditions (emergency care planning; daily treatment and response data for students with conditions such as asthma; severe allergies; seizure disorders; and Type I Diabetes). Can these assessments be used for data in school improvement planning processes at the state or local level?Yes. The details of the quality appraisal of primary studies included in the SRs are given in Table B in S4 Appendix.
The 2017 Global Accelerated Action for the Health of Adolescents (AA-HA!) However, it should be noted that these SRs found mixed evidence of maintenance of effects over time [28,32,34,39]. Further, the exclusion of interventions delivered by non-health providers reduces the quantity and breadth of SRs included in this overview. Eleven SRs included only cluster- and individually-randomized controlled trials [1921,24,27,28,30,32,34,37], seven SRs included other types of controlled and uncontrolled experimental studies in addition to RCTs [22,25,26,31,33,35,36], and two SRs included only QEs [29] or controlled clinical trials [23]. The SRs were written in English and published between 2006 and 2018. not in schools), an active control, or a waitlist control; (d) interventions aimed to improve one or more health outcomes, as defined by the SR authors; and (e) study designs were either randomized controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-experimental studies (QEs), or other non-randomized intervention studies. Excluded full text articles and reasons for exclusion. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. This structure can help schools avoid duplication, refine purpose, and coordinate various initiatives across the whole school. Hennegan and Montgomery found a high level of heterogeneity and substantial risk of bias in the included studies overall, thus they were unable to make conclusions about the effectiveness of menstrual management interventions [22]. Saving Lives, Protecting People, School Health Index: A Self-Assessment and Planning Guide, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors and Academic Grades, Tobacco Product Use Behaviors and Academic Grades, Other Health Behaviors and Academic Grades, Characteristics of an Effective Curriculum, Tips for Promoting School Employee Wellness, Physical Education Curriculum Analysis Tool, Health Education Curriculum Analysis Tool (HECAT), Body Mass Index (BMI) Measurement in Schools, Inclusive School Physical Education and Physical Activity, Physical Activity Before and After School, What School Nutrition Professionals Need to Know About COVID-19, Modifying School Spaces During Mealtimes to Reduce Spread of COVID-19, Supporting Students with Chronic Health Conditions in School-Based OST Programs, Healthy and Supportive School Environments, Strategies to Create a Healthy and Supportive School Environment, Strategies to Help Parents and Families Create Healthy and Supportive School Environments, How Families Can Support Student Health and Emotional Well-being, Toolkit for Schools: Engaging Parents to Support Student Health and Emotional Well-being, Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS), School Health Policies and Practices Study (SHPPS), e-Learning Series: Training Tools for Healthy Schools, Comprehensive School Physical Activity Program, Guide to Evaluating Professional Development, Understanding the Training of Trainers Model, Professional Development Follow-Up Support, How to Build a Training Cadre: A Step-by-Step Process, Guide to Promoting Professional Development, Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child (WSCC), Encourage healthy eating in school and at home, Dental Sealants Can Improve Students Oral Health, Give Your Kids a Healthy Body and Mind This Summer, Engaging Parents to Promote Healthy Schools, Funded Nongovernmental Organizations for Healthy Schools, BAM!
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