The Methodology of the Social Sciences (Max Weber) Voices of Freedom (Eric Foner) Psychology (David G. Myers; C. Nathan DeWall) Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham) Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Applications (Gay L. R.; Mills Geoffrey E.; Airasian Peter W.) New York, NY: Vintage Books. However, the calculation for this statement excludes the additional military expenses just discussed, and it uses a misleading measure of federal spending. More than 100 million soldiers and civilians are estimated to have died during the international and civil wars of the twentieth century (Leitenberg, 2006). Planes sprayed and bombed these chemicals. While the US blows money on the military, Europe spends dough on social programs. The Washington Post. John Tirman, director of the Center for International Studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, worries that Americans have neglected the civilian victims of war. The education system today faces many issues and problems of interest not just to educators and families but also to sociologists and other social scientists. 6 Major Social Issues in India: Causes and Measures Some relevant global social problems include income inequality (poverty), corruption, the rise in authoritarianism (erosion of democratic values), criminality, unsustainable development, and bullying in schools. Americas defense meltdown: Pentagon reform for President Obama and the new Congress Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. War is not . Critics say these exports help fuel the worldwide arms race and international discord. One social science issue related to war is the effects of war on the mental health of the service members . Neither the leaders whom the Russians have chosen or accepted nor the First, the human brain is far more advanced than the brains of other primates, and genetic instincts that might drive these primates behavior do not necessarily drive human behavior. Want to create or adapt books like this? Because it took place in Iraq, many more Iraqis than Americans died or were wounded, and the war certainly affected Iraqi societyits infrastructure, economy, natural resources, and so forthfar more than it affected American society. Critics also argue that military spending actually produces fewer jobs than spending in other sectors (Ledbetter, 2011). PDF Poverty research and the social sciences - University of Wisconsin Drugs may have a significant effect on people's health and emotional issues because of addiction and changes they may have on an individual's behavior in society. An Associated Press photo of her running naked and screaming with burns after her village was napalmed was one of the most memorable photos of that war. Martinez, L., & Bingham, A. At the end of that war, however, the nuclear age began when the United States dropped two atomic weapons on Japan that killed tens of thousands instantly and tens of thousands more from radiation exposure. There are also many innocent victims in wartime, but when children are victims, our hearts especially go out to them. Additional Topics The Times-Leader. These more basic causes of war include population change and environmental change. Future research will no doubt build on existing studies to further illuminate this significant problem. The suicide rate of the general population is only 11.3 deaths per 100,000 population. SNHU Social Science Issues Assignment - Ace Writing Center Joshua Risner, US Army, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:US_Army_51817_ BAGHDAD_-_Iraqi_Soldiers,_with_the_6th_IA_Division,_ familiarize_themselves_with_their_targets_and_prepare_ for_a_PKC_machine_gun_range_at_Combat _Outpost_402,_here,_Sept._28._In_addition_to_ marksmanship.jpg. List of 150 Social Issues Topics and Ideas for 2023 - EduBirdie The science wars were a series of scholarly and public discussions in the 1990s over the social place of science in making authoritative claims about the world.HighBeam Encyclopedia, [unreliable source?] Voice of America News. Economic gangsters: Corruption, violence, and the poverty of nations. Baker, L. (2012, February 18). As a result, observes one economics writer, most Europeans have universal health care, deeply subsidized education (including free university tuition in many countries), modern infrastructure, good mass transit, and far less poverty than the United States has. Washington, DC: Center for International Policy. Materialism. Critics of the military budget say that the billions of dollars spent on weapons and other military needs would be better spent on domestic needs such as schools and day care. Regarding this fear, former US senator and presidential candidate George McGovern (2011, p. 47), a decorated World War II hero, writes, We need to end the false choice between a bloated budget and a weak spine.. A popular explanation for war derives from evolutionary biology. Although education benefits and many other services for veterans exist, the nation needs to do much more to help veterans, these observers say (Baker, 2012; Shusman, 2012). As its name implies, mandatory spending is required by various laws and includes such things as Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid, and interest payments on the national debt. War made easy: How presidents and pundits keep spinning us to death. The primary mode of research involved survey questionnaires given anonymously to samples, many of them random, of military members. Third, most people are not violent, and most soldiers have to be resocialized (in boot camp or its equivalent) to overcome their deep moral convictions against killing. April missed the man she used to know: The biggest loss is the loss of the man I married. The document you are viewing contains questions related to this textbook. Although war is a social phenomenon arising from decisions of political and military officials, other phenomena can make it more likely that these officials will decide to go to war. It . Some of the social science issues related to war are as follows; the effects of war on the family and the society. (2011). Based on statistics released by the government through its #RealNumbersPH, "drug war" killings increased by over 50 percent during the lockdown months from April to July. However, later investigation revealed that the attack never occurred and that the White House lied to Congress and the American people (Wells, 1994). While social sciences attempts an objective evaluation of human and social behavior, by its very nature it must grapple with questions of equality, fairness, cohesion, and happiness, and thus, with moral issues. Most arms exports from the United States and other exporters go to developing nations. Bikeshedding Bikeshedding is the tendency for groups to focus on solving trivial problems while neglecting larger problems. As this overview of the debate over military spending indicates, the military remains a hot topic more than two decades after the Cold War ended following the demise of the Soviet Union. Napalm is a very flammable jellylike substance made out of gasoline, soap, and white phosphorous. Feinstein, A. Dewan, S. (2011, December 18). Retrieved from http://www.thenation.com/blog/165487/job-numbers-are-veterans-are-left-behind. . By any measure, then, the US military has played a fundamental role, for better or worse, in the nations foreign affairs historically and also today. [Solved] Identify two social science issues related to war and two For example, the Iraq war that began in 2003 involved two countries more than any others, the United States and Iraq. Until World War LI, what little policy research and evalua- Social science is the study of human society and its members' interactions with each other and their relationships to cultural institutions like education or religion. Bombs containing napalm made by Dow Chemical were routinely used by the US military and its South Vietnamese allies during the Vietnam War to defoliate the countryside and to attack various targets. Much of these mandatory expenses are funded by trust funds, such as Social Security taxes, which are raised and spent separately from income taxes. Perhaps worse, the United States ranks last among the worlds twenty wealthiest democracies in life expectancy and infant mortality and also ranks worst in the risk of dying before age 60. ABC News. On the Social Science Wars | Jennifer L. Hochschild - Harvard University Determining the Prevalence of Rape and Sexual Assault in the Military. and environmental protection. Deaths in wars and conflicts in the 20th century. (1999). policy analysis role of social science was given impetus by the Progressive movement (which had roots in Wisconsin) at the turn of the century, which held that application of the scientific method to political problems could lead to more effective governmental performance. Where your income tax money really goes. In this manner, a genetic tendency for physical aggression and warfare developed and thus still exists today. All these killings were outright slaughter. Use the reading about social institutions in India to identify two social science issues . A social issue is a problem that reduces the quality of life of people. In one example of what Tirman (2011, p. 153) calls a typical massacre, US soldiers arrived at a village that had just been bombed and ordered surviving residents to gather at the center of the town. In 2010, more than 19,000 US military personnel, most of them women, were raped or sexually assaulted (Stalsburg, 2011). Identify two social science issues related to war. | FLEX ESSAYS Those two weapons were tiny in both number and size compared to nuclear weapons today. Einhorn, C. (2011, September 28). According to this argument, war is part of our genetic heritage because the humans who survived tens of thousands of years ago were those who were most able, by virtue of their temperament and physicality, to take needed resources from other humans they attacked and to defend themselves from attackers. Retrieved from http://www.thenation.com/blog/161378/around-globe-us-military-bases-generate-resentment-not-security. When these costs are taken into account, the total 2011 military budget ranged between an estimated $1.2 trillion and $1.4 trillion (Friends Committee on National Legislation, 2012; War Resisters League, 2012). Edward B. Tylor concluded his survey of human culture with the remark that "the science of culture is essentially a reformer's science" (1958[1871]:539).A. Those who are not affiliated with a . New York Times, p. B4. Job numbers are up, but veterans are left behind. Turchik, J. Table 16.2 US Participation in Major Wars. (2012, February 8). Fisman, R., & Miguel, E. (2010). Natural Science and Social Problems 117 government does not want it. Washington rules: Americas path to permanent war. As historians and political scientists have often described, wars have a significant economic and political impact. Protesters at Dow Chemicals New York office carried signs that said, Napalm Burns Babies, Dow Makes Money.. Although war is a social phenomenon arising from decisions of political and military officials, other phenomena can make it more likely that these officials will decide to go to war. The thirteenth-century Mongolians killed their 40 million with battleaxes and other crude weapons; the World War II deaths resulted from gunfire and conventional bombs. History shows that when these resources become too scarce within a society, that society is more likely to go to war to wrest these resources from another society (Gleditsch & Theisen, 2010). As a result, reported rapes and sexual assaults compose only a very small percentage of all military rapes and sexual assaults. His bodys here, but his mind is not here anymore. 9. American war and military operations casualties: Lists and statistics. Guns versus butter is a macroeconomics phrase that illustrates the dilemma that nations face in deciding their spending priorities. This figure ranked the highest in the world and constituted almost 35 percent of all world arms exports. Analysis of the FY2012 defense budget. (2011). In fact, rape and sexual assault are the leading cause of PTSD among women veterans, while combat trauma is the leading cause of PTSD among male veterans. Reid Kasprowicz A Flag for the Fallen CC BY-NC-ND 2.0. In support of this evolutionary argument, some scientists note that chimpanzees and other primates also engage in group aggression against others of their species (Wrangham, 2004). Identify two social science issues related to war. | Quizlet A key focus of their concern was the use of napalm. InsideDefense.com NewsStand. War Is Our Most Urgent Problem--Let’s Solve It Because napalm is very sticky, it is almost impossible to wipe off or remove with water once it does end up on skin. 1). Social Science Primary Sources, Journals, & Databases | Gale This book has emphasized that children are often the innocent victims of various social problems from the time they are born, with important consequences for their futures. An unknown number of civilians were burned severely or, if they were lucky, died. One veteran recalled being gang raped by her drill sergeant and four other soldiers, who then broke several bones in her body and urinated on her. Scholars have attempted to explain why human beings wage war. As a historian summarized this connection, By the end of the war, labors wartime mobilization and participation had increased its relative power within European societies. Wells, T. (1994). He applauds the Korean and Vietnam memorials in Washington, but he laments that neither mentions the people of those countries who perished in the conflicts (Tirman, 2012, p. B01). Some eighty years later, the involvement of African Americans in the US armed forces during World War II helped begin the racial desegregation of the military. War is sustained armed conflict that causes large-scale loss of life or extreme material destruction (Worrell, 2011, p. 1). New York Times, June 23, p. A19. Retrieved from http://www.history.navy.mil/library/online/american%20war%20casualty.htm; http://web.archive.org/web/20070711050249/http://www.cwc.lsu.edu/other/stats/warcost.htm; Hacker, J. D. (2011, September 20). Spend Time on Research You should always look for academically proven and reliable sources that you can cite in your essay. (2012, February 17). Other types of less obvious social changes have also resulted from various wars. 14 Week 1 Question 6 Identify two social science issues related to war; 15 16.4 Issues and Problems in Education - Sociology; 16 Social Problems Affecting Students & Schools - Synonym; 1 SCIENCE RELATED SOCIAL ISSUES IN THE ELEMENTARY - jstor. In another example, the Navy is designing a new series of nuclear submarines, with construction planned to start in 2019. 110 Examples of Contemporary Issues - Simplicable The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan provide additional examples of a theft from those who hunger and are not fed. These wars cost the United States about $1.3 trillion through 2012, for an average of more than $100 billion annually (Harrison, 2012). Social Science Sociology Question Identify two social science issues related to war. These effects are similar to those for civilians, and include anxiety, depression, PTSD, poorer physical health, and poorer job performance (in this case, their military duties). Social Issues are any behavior or circumstance that impacts most members of a community. If warfare is not biological in origin, then it is best understood as a social phenomenon, one that has its roots in the decisions of political and military officials. This Special Issue will examine the diverse nature of gang-related violence with the goal of better understanding the growing complexities of gang violence over the last two decades to better inform public policy solutions. Anthropology and War: The Challenge of Studying the Human Terrain Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Peace Studies Program. A related problem is suicide. Human beings live in a society with other humans. Retrieved February 20, 2012, from http://www.vvaw.org/veteran/article/?id=823. Bess, M. (2008). This article covers the concept of social issues and highlights the different experiences of rural and urban sectors. First, war, terrorism, genocide, and other armed conflicts do continue. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. The $300 million cost of each F-35 fighter aircraft could pay for the salaries of 10,000 new teachers. The term society refers to the system of interdependent relationships among human beings. Partial justice: Women, prisons, and social control. CNN.com. Lochhead, C. (2012, February 14). Behavioral Science in the Armed Forces - ThoughtCo Although she survived, it took seventeen surgeries to turn her whole again. Social Problems by University of Minnesota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Our specialists will write a custom essay on any topic for $13.00 $10.40/page. 9.5 million children receiving low-income health care (Medicaid), 1.7 million students receiving full-tuition scholarships at state universities, 1.6 million Head Start slots for children. More than 20,000 nuclear warheads now exist; 4,800 are operational and almost 2,000 (held by the United States and Russia) are on high alert, ready to be used at any time (Federation of American Scientists, 2011). Identify two social science issues related to education. But veterans are casualties in other ways, as the news story that began this chapter made clear. Military spending is good for workers, they add, because it creates jobs, and it also contributes to technological development (Boot, 2012; England, 2012; McKeon, 2012). Ledbetter, J. His wife April had to quit her teaching job to take care of him, and their life savings slowly dwindled. US veterans: By the numbers. We cannot discuss all of these issues here, but we will highlight some of the most interesting and important. Women in politics. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab. In 2011, military spending (defense outlays by the Department of Defense and certain other agencies; outlays include costs for the Iraq and Afghanistan wars) according to the government was approximately $768 billion. Perception of Conflict Between Science and Religion One major problem in this research literature is that different studies use different definitions and measures of sexual assault. Military preparedness does not come cheap. The war within: Americas battle over Vietnam. Research Topics | Pew Research Center When napalm ends up on human skin, it causes incredibly severe pain and burns down to the bone, with death often resulting. Resources, the environment, and conflict. Contemporary issues are problems and opportunities that are relevant to present day life and politics. Some Issues and Sources on Ethics in Anthropology This latter fact needs some explanation. Social Justice Issues After Ww2; Social Justice Issues After Ww2. New York Times, p. A1. Our nations failure to meet their needs is shameful. The sociology of war is a subfield of sociology that focuses on the macro-level patterns of war making, how societies engage in warfare, the meaning that war has in society, and the relationship between state structure and war making. Russia ranked second with $5.3 billion in arms deliveries, while Germany ranked third with $2.6 billion (Grimmett, 2011). Washington, DC: Author. Herdy, A., & Moffeit, M. (2004). Causes of war. The more they spend on their military (guns), the less they can spend on food for their poor and other domestic needs (butter). Social Sciences Brown sociologist weighs in on tensions at the Russia-Ukraine border Professor of Sociology Michael D. Kennedy provided historical background on Russia's relationship with Ukraine and explained how the current crisis could unleash major conflicts across the globe. They say the United States could safely decrease its nuclear and conventional weapons arsenals without at all endangering national security. Retrieved from https://www.warresisters.org/sites/default/files/FY2012piechart-color.pdf. Poverty, discrimination, and addiction are examples of such problems. vanden Heuvel, K. (2011, June 13). Retrieved from http://www.defense.gov/news/casualty.pdf (accessed February 16, 2012); Martinez, L. (2011, November 11). Retrieved February 16, 2012, from http://www.ucsusa.org/nuclear_weapons_and_global_security/nuclear_weapons/technical_issues/nuclear-weapons-overview.html. Military spending: A poor job creator. After they did so, US ground troops shot them and left a pile of dead bodies that included twenty-one children. Hartung, W. D. (2012). Americans are hurt, he warned, when the defense budget squanders money that could be used to repair schools or to guarantee universal health care (Arias, 1999, p. A19). As a news report summarized these families experience, Ms. Bacevich, A. (2012, January 2). SNHU Social Science Issues Related to War and Education Questions New York, NY: Penguin. 16.4 Issues and Problems in Education - Sociology Our papers are written to meet your needs, in a personalized manner. Retrieved from http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/us-veterans-numbers/story?id=14928136#1. This fear can take a psychological toll on all members of these families, but perhaps especially on children. The social sciences, like the physical or biological sciences, are intellectual subjects, directed primarily toward understanding, rather than action. Statistical abstract of the United States: 2012. To do so, it routinely deployed chemical weapons such as Agent Orange (dioxin, a known carcinogen), napalm, and white phosphorous. Retrieved from http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/war_stories/2012/02/_2013_pentagon_budget_why_so_much_spending_on_big_war_weapons_.html. In 2010, the US official military budget (defense outlays only) was $698 billion. These actions did destroy the countryside, but they also destroyed humans. A List of 470 Powerful Social Issues Essay Topics - Knowledge Base Many veterans are experiencing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), marked by nightmares, panic attacks, and other symptoms (Dao, 2012). End of US military segregation set stage for rights movement. The high unemployment rate of the Iraq and Afghanistan veterans has made this need even more urgent. Other experts echo President Eisenhowers concern over the size of the military budget (Bacevich, 2011; Korb, Rothman, & Hoffman, 2012; Lochhead, 2012; Wheeler, 2009). A society can be a city,. We need to confront them to ensure equal treatment for everyone. Sometimes, as with the US entrance into World War II after Pearl Harbor, these decisions are sincere and based on a perceived necessity to defend a nations people and resources, and sometimes these decisions are based on cynicism and deceit (Solomon, 2006). (2009). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. The American Civil War, also called the War Between the States, then tore it apart less than a century later. According to a recent estimate, $1 billion spent by the Pentagon creates 11,200 jobs, but the same $1 billion spent in other sectors would create 16,800 clean energy jobs, 17,200 health-care jobs, and 26,700 education jobs (Pollin & Garrett-Peltier, 2011).