These universities do not represent all segments of Jordanian society. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. Protest participants received online instructions at the protest site about travel and housing, where to assemble, and how to behave if arrested. Turnout was 55 percent in 2004 and 57 percent in 2008, when 132,618,580 people went to the polls (McDonald). For example, running for mayor of New York City requires 7,500 signatures and addresses on a petition. The reason for not choosing private universities was that they were limited to high-income students. Moreover, in 2016 further amendments were conducted. ATOMIC Hot Links Los Angeles three day shoot CC BY-NC-ND 2.0. In addition, unemployment high rate of female makes them reluctant to vote in elections (Roth and Saunders, 2019, p. 574). WebUnit 5 - Political Participation (AP GOV) 2.3 (3 reviews) Term. The right to participate is a defining feature of democratic political systems but is not fully exercised. In the context of responding to the question Have you ever voted in previous national or local elections? it was noted that the number of the students in the age group (18 less than 23) was a total of (654) included (427) participated in the voting with (65.3 per cent) in the same category. Janet M. Box-Steffensmeier and Steven E. Schier (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2009), 932. This, in turn, affected their voting in the elections. These events are designed to raise money and awareness of societal problems, such as poverty and health care. This interest might take various forms such as support, rejection, protest or demonstration, etc. College students in the 1960s used demonstrations to voice their opposition to the Vietnam War. 3, pp. Turnout was lower in the 1980s and 1990s, when the political climate was less tumultuous. A large number of elections are held in the United States every year, including local elections, elections for county and statewide offices, primaries, and general elections. The CBS News report on the Rodney King incident included the following controversial video. 453-479. People can act alone by writing letters to members of Congress or staging acts of civil disobedience. Some regions have an established culture of political participation. The full terms of this licence may be seen at http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode. The Senate alone receives an average of over four million e-mail messages per week and more than two hundred million e-mail messages per year (Congressional Management Foundation, 2008). In the USA, the turnout has been declining since 1972, especially in presidential elections. Consequently, high-income families can support the candidate who they chose. In Sweden, women's political participation increased as a result of women's engagement in the public sphere and demonstrations at the rate of 5.5 per cent contrary to the United Kingdom, where women's participation rate in demonstrations was (1.9 per cent) (Roth and Saunders, 2019, p. 572). Koch (1997) and Verba et al. Education and Political Participation | British Journal of Political (8) of 1974 was issued to change the political life for Jordanian women. Measuring gender differences in political knowledge. (2018), Youth political engagement in Australia and the United States: student councils and volunteer organizations as communities of practice, Journal of Social Science Education, Vol. In spite of the dissemination of civil society institutions after 1989, awareness of civil culture and political participation was still poor (Tillian, 2011, pp.1-2). Al-Mohammad, S.M. 2, pp. 65 No. Therefore, the diversity of regional affiliation affected political participation. Methodology It can be concluded that: The more the family income varies, the more the voting in the elections differs in favor of the high-income students. Political scientists have determined that presidential election turnout is underestimated on average by 4 percent, which translates into hundreds of thousands of votes (Flanigan & Zingale, 1999). 617-634. When we define political behaviour in such broad terms as any form of (individual or collective) involvement in the political process, or any activity which has political consequences in relation to government and policy, then naturally both legitimate forms of political participation (such as voting in elections, activism in interest groups, or social movements) and illegitimate political activities (including terrorism, revolutions and coups detat) come under its purview. Riots are frequently spontaneous and are sparked by an incident that brings to a head deep-seated frustrations and emotions. Also, It was noted that the number of students with family income (500 less than 700 dinars) was the total number of (185) including (171) participated in the voting with (92.4 per cent) in the same category. Direct mail appeals by single-issue groups for contributions aimed especially at more affluent Americans are targeted methods of mobilizing people. In addition, it led the marginalized groups to be reluctant to participate in the voting. Taking part in the political processes which lead to the selection of political leaders or determine or influence public policy is generally known as political participation. The main reason for voting in the elections according to regional affiliation was practicing the constitutional right. with (43.7 per cent) for the (Jordanians). Potential candidates for public office must gather signatures on a petition before their names can appear on the ballot. Such factors are political exposure, political efficacy, education, income, gender, political interest, political culture, political parties, and religious beliefs. Why are certain demographic groups more likely to align with the Democratic or Republican Party? What are the major factors that affect beliefs? Studying gender in US politics: where do we go from here? Posted 6 months ago. In the context of responding to the question Have you ever voted in previous national or local elections? It was noted that the number of students (Jordanians) was a total of (450) including (314) participated in the voting with (69.8 per cent) in the same category. However, most participants are not activists for these causes. People can blog or participate in discussion groups related to an election. Yet there are many other ways to take part in politics that involve varying amounts of skill, time, and resources. 37, pp. Turnout figures can be skewed by undercounting the vote. Pyeatt and Yanus (2018) concluded that these reasons reflected the low and limited participation of women in political issues, political parties, and civil organizations. Moreover, they concluded that high income and wealth encourage individuals to political participation and engaging in government. Other barriers are structural. 94-99. Some Palestinians have lived in Jordan since 1947 and 1967, they were granted the Jordanian nationality and the right to vote in the elections. The study population contained three Jordanian universities. Owen, D., The Campaign and the Media, in The American Elections of 2008, ed. Turnout in states that have Election Day registration averages ten points higher than in the rest of the country (Wolfinger & Rosenstone, 1980). Community activism is thriving among young people who realize the importance of service that directly assists others. Moreover, the reason for not voting was the ineffectiveness of the performance of elected local councils with (20.3 per cent) for the Jordanians and Inefficiency of candidates for such councils with (38.4 per cent) for the (Palestinians). This tactic was used effectively during the 1960s civil rights movement when African Americans sat in whites-only sections of public busses. Koch, J.W. 2. Also, some social factors such as tribal affiliation affects students voting. 8.2 Why People Participate American Government and Politics Voting is the most prominent form of political participation. In addition to strengthening the participation of young people, especially university students participating in voting and community participation (Jordanian constitution, articles 6, 16, 17, 18, and the election law No. WebIn democratic Female politicians are more likely to concentrate on problems that matter more to women such as daycare, gender equality, reproductive rights, elderly care and childrens welfare. (1976), No Easy Choose: Political Participation in Developing Countries, Harvard University press, Cambridge. In the US, political ideology, efficacy, structural barriers, and demographics all play a role in determining the nature and level of political participation. Political Participation Among Indigenous People By involving people in the affairs of the state, participation promotes stability and order in the system. Turnout varies significantly across localities. With so many elections, people can become overwhelmed, confused, or just plain tired of voting. The Jordanian decision maker realized the shifts in internal and international circumstances. (1997), Knowing and caring about politics: gender and political engagement, The Journal of Politics, Vol. Direct link to taylor512's post can these political belie, Posted 3 years ago. Registered voters meet eligibility requirements and have filed the necessary paperwork that permits them to vote in a given locality. (2011), Studying gender in US politics: where do we go from here?, Politics and Gender, Vol. Still, e-mail may not be the most effective way of getting a message across because office holders believe that an e-mail message takes less time, effort, and thought than a traditional letter. In the same context, Pyeatt and Yanus (2018) asserted that the difference in regional affiliation affected the political orientations of individuals. Despite the fact that elections are the major event in the political process, political participation cannot be limited to only electoral process, i.e., voting and campaigning. (Chicago: Rand McNally, 1977). Similarly, in Britain, there is a gender gap in political participation. The more the age varies, the more the voting shifts in favor of older students. Based on the above: Palmer and Simon (2008) pointed out that difference of regions within the same country affected the political participation of the inhabitants of these regions. 362-385. 7, No. Some are directly associated with the electoral sub-system and some are with other political activities. Political participation is normally associated with the modern form of democracy. A positive side effect of fundraising campaigns is that people are made aware of candidates and issues through appeals for money (Jacobson, 1997). 4. Beauregard, K. (2014), Gender, political participation and electoral systems: a cross-national analysis, European Journal of Political Research, Vol. Over 90 percent of Americans agree with the principle that citizens have a duty to vote (Flanigan & Zingale, 1999). American Government and Politics in the Information Age by University of Minnesota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. In addition, some women's organizations (Arab Women's Union) demanded more equality, freedom, and education for Jordanian women (Atiyat, 2017, p. 109). (1995), Beyond SES: a resource model of political participation, American Political Science Review, Vol. A large majority of people who have registered to vote participate in presidential elections. The contested vote in the Florida presidential race resulted in a recount in several counties. How do individuals form their political beliefs? At least ten states prohibit former felons from voting even after they have served their time. 1, pp. People also can engage in symbolic participation, routine or habitual acts that show support for the political system. Letters and phone calls almost always receive some kind of a response from members of Congress. Dababneh, A.B. There was a gender gap between males and females in voting in national and local elections. The survey was conducted in the academic year 2018-2019. Political participation in Jordan is the practice of citizens for their right to influence the political decision, by running for elected councils such as the chamber of deputies, the Council of Trade Unions, the municipal councils and administrative bodies in civil society organizations, as well as voting in elections, whether they were parliamentary or local elections. Eberly, D. E., Americas Promise: Civil Society and the Renewal of American Culture (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1998). The campaign and rally have their effects on polarizing party attachments and reinforcing candidate preferences. In addition, there are political factors which lead to marginalize students participating in the political sphere. People can vote for representatives, who make policies that will determine how much they have to pay in taxes and who will benefit from social programs. Moreover, their belief that elected councils, whether national or local, are not able to change their lives in the future. Now lets look at other determinants of what affects voter turnout. - University of Minnesota The scope and the outcome of voting is very broad affecting all the members of a society. There are many ways to advocate for a cause. They can take part in groups or organizational activity to deal with social and political problems. Racial tensions sparked by a video of police beating Rodney King in 1991 and the subsequent acquittal of the officers at trial resulted in the worst riots ever experienced in Los Angeles. The more the regional affiliation varies, the more the voting shifts in favor of Jordanians students. By 2008, 44 percent of the public had contacted their member of Congress about an issue or concern (Congressional Management Foundation, 2008). E-mail has made contacting public officials cheaper and easier than the traditional method of mailing a letter. Factors The study examines the impact of gender, age, family income and regional affiliation that represent important social and economic factors affecting political participation on the voting of Jordanian university students. Huntington, S. and Nelson, J. 25 No. Young voters are less likely to turn out in midterm elections than older citizens. 2 No. depends on the situation and if the other sex is open minded, American political ideologies and beliefs. Once a candidate gets on the ballot, she must organize a campaign, solicit volunteers, raise funds, and garner press coverage. However,thereareotherswho It included respecting of human rights, popular participating in political life, etc. (Washington, DC: CQ Press, 1999). In the same context, the regional affiliation affected voting. Peoples attitudes about government and politics can influence their decision to participate. Chapter 1: Communication in the Information Age, Chapter 2: The Constitution and the Structure of Government Power, Chapter 6: Political Culture and Socialization, Chapter 8: Participation, Voting, and Social Movements, Chapter 16: Policymaking and Domestic Policies, Chapter 17: Foreign and National Security Policies, American Government and Politics in the Information Age, http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=1344797n, http://www.civicyouth.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/2010-Exit-Poll-FS-Nov-17-Update.pdf, http://elections.gmu.edu/voter_turnout.htm, http://people-press.org/questions/?qid=1720790&pid=51&ccid=51#top, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Men vote more than females (Childs, 2004, p. 422). Factors McDonald, M., Voter Turnout, United States Election Project, http://elections.gmu.edu/voter_turnout.htm. 7 No. Direct link to veighn.dangerfield's post depends on the situation , Posted 5 months ago. So, the higher the income, the higher the participation rate was. [1] Following the 2008 election, RTV lobbied the Obama administration to institute fully automated online voter registration nationally. Mohammad Soud Alelaimat can be contacted at: https://doi.org/10.1108/REPS-05-2019-0072, http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode. Political The more the family income varies, the more the voting shifts in favor of high-income students. The following video is the CNN News Report on the Los Angeles Riots, including Rodney Kings appeal to stop the violence. An individuals sense of loyalty to a specific political party. Americans are more likely to make a financial contribution to a cause or a candidate than to donate their time. Moreover, the electoral system of the country affects the political participation of women. Political socialization: lesson overview (article) | Khan