HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help In a 2021 pilot study, researchers found a strong association between the presence of beta thalassemia minor and COVID-19 mortality. Should people with thalassemia take vitamins and mineral supplements during the COVID-19 pandemic? They also indicate that haemochromatosis type 1 might confer some protection. Prevalence and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in transfusion dependent and non-transfusion dependent -thalassemia patients and effects of associated comorbidities: an Iranian nationwide study. Diagnosis. If you do, theyll be mild. Without enough hemoglobin, your red blood cells die more quickly, and your organs and tissues dont get enough oxygen. See additional information. If you have thalassemia trait, it means you carry a genetic mutation that causes thalassemia, but you dont have the disease yourself. Biochemistry, hemoglobin synthesis. People who are moderate to severely immunocompromised may need additional doses of the COVID-19 vaccine to stay protected. Farmakis D, Giakoumis A, Angastiniotis M, Eleftheriou A. (2022). If you have potential symptoms of beta thalassemia, a doctor may order a blood test to look for signs of the disease. Beta thalassemia minor and SARS-CoV-2, prevalence, severity, morbidity and mortality: A systematic review study. You inherit two copies of each gene one from each parent so four in total. Iron overload due to repeated transfusions is the cause of many complications seen with thalassemia, and therefore many people are treated with iron chelation therapy. Thus far, studies have been mixed as to whether thalassemia patients are more likely to experience serious outcomes of COVID-19 (such as hospitalization or death). chenevex, France. Should you get a COVID vaccine if you have beta thalassemia? Munkongdee T, et al. April 20, 2020. Telehealth visits, which are appointments with a healthcare provider using electronic devices from your home, are considered the equivalent of an in-person visit in many ways and can provide excellent care in many situations. Thalassemia also increases the likelihood to form blood clots. (2022). Many patients with haemoglobinopathies, including thalassaemia and sickle cell disease, are at increased risk of developing severe complications from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The first study, conducted by Danish researchers, analyzed data from more than 473,000 people tested for COVID-19 with data from a control group of more than 2.2m non-tested people. Learn more about COVID-19 vaccination for people with beta-thalassemia or . Korin Miller is a freelance writer specializing in general wellness, sexual health and relationships, shopping, and lifestyle trends, with work appearing in Womens Health, Self, Prevention, Forbes, Daily Beast, and more. More research is needed to, Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. (2022). Lack of hemoglobin can lead to insufficient oxygen in your bodily tissues. The types are beta thalassemia major, intermedia, and minor. Marhaeni W, Felicia FV, Sumadi Jap AL, Hartoyo E, Andayani P. Front Med (Lausanne). Beta-thalassemia causes symptoms related to anemia, including weak or brittle bones, and leads to problems with how your bones develop. Some people with thalassemia have cardiomyopathy (heart muscle disease). Hemoglobin is the iron-containing part of your red blood cells that allows them to carry oxygen throughout your body. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. According to the CDC, people shouldnt get vaccinated if they have had a severe allergic reaction to a previous dose of a COVID-19 vaccine. Since those studies, a fair amount of research has been conducted on blood type and COVID-19 risk. (2022). Do people with thalassemia trait need treatment? Li J, et al. 2021.doi:10.1016/j.htct.2021.04.003, Dalamaga M, Karampela I, Mantzoros CS. Needs T, et al. In order of increasing severity, its classified as: People with beta thalassemia minor usually dont develop symptoms and have mild anemia. "All may acquire COVID-19 and all should take the recommended precautions to reduce the risk.". It causes your body to produce a lower-than-normal amount of hemoglobin, the part of your red blood cells that carries oxygen. World Health Organization (WHO) . Most children with moderate to severe thalassemia show signs and symptoms within their first two years of life. In general, people with severe diseases are at a higher risk from COVID-19. Vitamin and mineral supplementation for -thalassemia during COVID-19 COVID vaccine & autoimmune disease FAQ. Iron chelation therapy is also a vital treatment for people with transfusion-dependent thalassemia and should be continued until COVID-19 symptoms develop. Thalassemia - Diagnosis | NHLBI, NIH Blood banking and transfusion medicine challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. Respiratory failure may occur just as with people who do not have thalassemia. Key areas covered include patients' risk level, adaptation of haemoglobinopathy care, safety of blood transfusions, blood supply challenges, and lifestyle and nutritional considerations. 2023 Feb 14;9:1082611. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1082611. (2022). Should people with thalassemia receive the COVID-19 vaccine? But its most common in the Mediterranean, where incidence can be as high as 15%. However, as the situation surrounding COVID-19 continues to evolve, it's possible that some data have changed since publication. In late 2020, a team of researchers in the United States and Europe succeeded for the first time in using CRISPR to treat 10 people with sickle cell disease and transfusion-dependent beta thalassemia. What's the Link Between ARDS and COVID-19? Am J Hematol. This is the most important step in keeping you out of the hospital and alive. The study from Iran found that having a diagnosis of thalassemia was associated with poorer outcomes, particularly for people who have complications of thalassemia. A 2022 study found that people with beta-thalassemia trait were also at increased risk of severe illness from COVID-19. Editor's note: Find the latest COVID-19 news and guidance in Medscape's Coronavirus . People having hematological disorders and hypercoagulability state need extra precautions because of the increased risk of thrombosis after COVID-19 vaccination. At this point in time, there does not appear to be any relationship between blood type and COVID-19related severity of illness or mortality.". Thalassemia is a blood disorder in which the body makes an abnormal form of hemoglobin. For the latest on COVID-19, visit our coronavirus news page. 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. COVID-19: Beta-Thalassemia Subjects Immunised? - Preprints Is the COVID-19 Vaccine Linked to Tinnitus? Jean-Mignard E, et al. Its severity varies greatly between people. As thalassemia is considered to be a severe underlying medical condition , both adults and children with thalassemia were excluded from the COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials. The causal virus behind this disease, SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), conceivably attacks the . In spite of those terrible limits, this systematic-review meta-analysis opens the way to the confirmation of a possible protection/immunity of beta-thalassemia carriers against COVID-19 concerning incidence and ICU admission markers [7,8]. Read our, Risk of Severe Outcomes From COVID-19 for People With Thalassemia, Complications of Thalassemia and COVID-19, People Who Have Had a Splenectomy and Transplant Recipients. 8600 Rockville Pike Care of patients with hemoglobin disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic: An overview of recommendations. SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with -thalassemia: The French Expert Rev Hematol. With more research, we may one day have a clearer understanding of the connection between COVID-19 and different blood types. Most people with beta thalassemia major have symptoms within the first 2 years of life. People with thalassaemia produce either no or too little haemoglobin, which is used by red blood cells to carry oxygen around the body. Vaccines can help people with beta thalassemia lower their chances of getting COVID-19 or having severe illness if they do get COVID-19. WHO COVID19 Dashboard. A protein called the Rh factor can also be present (+) or absent (-) from the blood. In a webinar designed to guide physicians in the care of hematology patients during the COVID-19 pandemic, three world experts on thalassemia and sickle cell disease (SCD) provided on-the-ground information from physicians who were . 5, 25, 26, 27 However, no details were provided as to the outcomes and course of the pregnancy in this . The most important thing you can do is make sure you are vaccinated and stay up to date on when boosters are needed. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. If the inherited mutation affects only one gene, you are a silent carrier for alpha-thalassemia. Careers. While it's always helpful to know your blood type, most people won't necessarily need to know that information. Does Anemia Cause Weight Loss or Weight Gain? 2020;91(3):e2020026. If you become infected, it's important to talk to a doctor knowledgeable about thalassemia regarding any special precautions you should take or changes to your medical plan. These medications bind to iron so that it can be expelled from the body. Its also the only way to tell if youre a silent carrier. Could some people with thalassemia have a natural immunity against SARS-CoV-2? However, certain issues, such as pneumonia and respiratory failure, blood clots, and heart-related complications, should be monitored for. Thalassemia Trait (Minor): How Does It Affect You? - Healthline Thalassemias are inherited disorders characterized by abnormal production of hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. Special consideration is needed for both people who have had their spleens removed and for those who have had bone marrow/stem cell transplants to treat their thalassemia. "There is no real benefit for the individual person," said Torben Barington, DMSc, a clinical professor of immunology at the University of Southern Denmark and co-author of the early Danish study. Sadly, the reduction in the blood supply has led many people with thalassemia to receive fewer transfusions than usual, prompting healthcare providers caring for people with the condition to look for options that may reduce the need for or frequency of transfusions. They also shouldnt get it if they have a known allergy to a component of the vaccine. beta thalassemia - NIH Director's Blog As a result, our understanding of the connection to blood type continues to evolve. Some studies estimate the worldwide prevalence of alpha-thalassemia trait to be as high as 5%. A temporary drop in hemoglobin levels was noted 3 months after vaccination. Dr. DelCollo is board-certified in family medicine by the American Board of Family Medicine. -, Motta I, Migone De Amicis M, Pinto VM, et al. There are no extra safety precautions necessary for people with beta thalassemia who get vaccinated against COVID-19 when compared with people in the general population. This could be dangerous, as too much iron can cause serious health problems. Most hemoglobin is made up of alpha and beta chains. The clues have been mounting . According to this systematic-review meta-analysis, beta-thalassemia carriers could be less affected by CO VID-19 than the general population and more susceptible to die from COVID-19 or one of its consequences. Blood tests can also be used for . The information in this story is accurate as of press time. What is Thalassemia? | CDC Iron overload: Frequent transfusions due to thalassemia can cause a build up of iron in the blood, which can, in turn, lead to heart disease, liver disease, diabetes, adrenal insufficiency, and other issues.These conditions are linked to poorer COVID-19 outcomes. These drugs can reduce inflammation in blood vessels (endothelial inflammation) during viral infections. (2022). eCollection 2023. Immunity is a complex process that involves a lot of moving parts. Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder that causes you not to make enough hemoglobin, a protein in your blood. Here, experts weigh in on what you really need to know. Possible symptoms include: Doctors sometimes mistake symptoms of thalassemia trait for iron deficiency. Susceptibility of -Thalassemia heterozygotes to COVID-19. eCollection 2022 Aug. See this image and copyright information in PMC. Still, the study authors wrote, "the impact of blood type on clinical outcomes remains unclear. doi:10.12659/MSMBR.929207, Drouin E. Beta-thalassemia may protect against COVID 19. COVID-19: beta-thalassemia subjects immunised? - Semantic Scholar Anemia can affect your weight, whether due to its impact on your appetite and activity levels or its underlying cause. Laboratory diagnosis of thalassemia. The current evidence suggests that the benefits of COVID-19 vaccination outweigh the risk of side effects for most people with autoimmune disease, according to the Global Autoimmune Institute, which reviewed the available scientific literature. Thalassemia trait, aka thalassemia minor, usually doesnt cause health issues. COVID19 in a pregnant patient with betathalassemia major: A case Beta Thalassemia | Johns Hopkins Medicine "We still do not understand all the factors at play," said Anupama Nehra, MD, an assistant professor at the Rutgers New Jersey Medical School and clinical director of hematology-oncology at Rutgers Cancer Institute at University Hospital. Its most common in Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and the Mediterranean. Guidelines for the Management of Transfusion Dependent Thalassaemia, 3rd ed. Can SARS-CoV-2 be transmitted via blood transfusions? 2020; 10.1002/ajh.25840 [Epub ahead of print]. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Strategies to enhance information sharing, Strategies to enhance information sharing between healthcare professionals and patients and their families, Patient pathways during the pandemic: general pathway (left panel) and transfusiondependent patient pathway, A proposed algorithm for the diagnosis of COVID19 in patients with haemoglobinopathies [Colour, MeSH 2020;105(4):378-386.doi:10.1111/ejh.13476, Yadav U, Pal R. Challenging Times for Children With Transfusion-dependent Thalassemia Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic. COVID-19 vaccine is high priority for cardiac patients. Thalassemia Benefits. Like in alpha-thalassemia minor, your red blood cells will be smaller, and you may experience mild anemia. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to blood bank shortages, which have created challenges for people with transfusion-dependent thalassemia. Marion Cook. People with certain medical conditions. The results align with the results of other studies from countries around the world. A 2022 study found that people with beta-thalassemia trait were also at increased risk of severe illness from COVID-19. By. Beta-thalassemia trait is less common. Home isolation in transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients with SARS CoV2 infection: Experience from a developing country. The Link Between Blood Type and COVID-19 Risk - Health Certain medications have been approved to reduce the frequency of transfusions needed. Beta thalassemia is the most common blood disorder caused by a mutation in a single gene. Some research findings have suggested that people with blood types A and AB are more susceptible to contracting COVID-19, while those with blood type O are less likely to test positive for the virus. Some people have been re-infected multiple times with the virus, while others appear to have avoided the virus entirely. The allergy can develop after a, This inherited blood disorder usually requires vitamin supplement. However, severe allergic reactions from vaccines are extremely rare. What is the treatment for beta thalassemia? The forgotten people with thalassemia in the time of COVID-19: South Asian perspective. Li L, et al. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends COVID-19 vaccines for everybody over 6 months of age in the United States. Colorized scanning electron micrograph of a cell, isolated from a . The immune systems of more than 95% of people who recovered from COVID-19 had durable memories of the virus up to eight months after infection. One study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) in April of 2021, reviewed nearly 108,000 COVID-19 cases. Folic acid can help red blood cells develop. SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with -thalassemia: The French experience. The researchers recommend that people with thalassemia major should be followed closely by a doctor. Summary document for interim clinical considerations for use of COVID-19 vaccines currently authorized or approved in the United States. But such tests are often costly. (2022). marion.cook@wanadoo.fr. Blood tests can reveal the number of red blood cells and abnormalities in size, shape or color. Eating nutritious foods is important for everyone to maintain a healthy lifestyle - a diet, high in fruits and vegetables and low in fats is ideal for gaining the essential nutrients our bodies need. When one of these two genes are missing, it can lead to beta thalassemia trait, or beta thalassemia minor. This condition is called anemia. If you're living with thalassemia, you may be at greater risk for serious outcomes of COVID-19. And while some people develop more severe forms of COVID-19, others develop mild or no symptoms. Alpha thalassemia. The dosages and timing, however, should be carefully discussed with your healthcare before starting any supplement. Torti L, Sorrentino F, Maffei L, De Fabritiis P, Abruzzese E. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis. It's hard to focus on positives at this time, but sometimes making an effort can help you find a sense of gratitude that would otherwise be elusive. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. ; 3 Hemoglobinopathies and Congenital Anemia Center, Ospedale Galliera, Genoa, Italy. Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. They often share similar symptoms but have different causes as well as different treatments and severity. Learn more about its symptoms and how it's diagnosed. But again, experts say it's too early to know for sure. People with thalassemia often experience similar COVID-19 complications as those without thalassemia, but they may be at greater risk for certain problems. 2020;40(4):587-601.doi:10.1016/j.cll.2020.08.013, Hossain MS, Raheem E, Siddidqee MH. Learn what having thalassemia may mean for you during the COVID-19 pandemic. Beta-thalassemia may protect against COVID 19 - Semantic Scholar The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) lists risk factors that have been identified for developing severe COVID-19, and blood type does not appear. For adults who are immunocompromised, the CDC recommends: People with thalassemia were excluded from COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, so its unclear if vaccines are as effective for people with thalassemia as the general population. Most cases are caused by a mutation in the HBB gene. and transmitted securely. (2020). Epub 2022 Jul 5. 2021;16(1):114.doi:10.1186/s13023-021-01757-w. U.S. Food & Drug Administration. (2022). The Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech vaccines use mRNA technology. There has also been a shortage at other steps in the process, such as personnel available to perform collections, as well as process and deliver donated blood. What We Know. However, the results have been inconsistent and so the connection between COVID-19 and different blood types still isn't clear. Before Vitamin and mineral supplementation may be recommended for some people with thalassemia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Early in the pandemic, two studies published in the Blood Advances journal in October 2020 showed a possible link between blood type and vulnerability to COVID-19. There are four types of alpha thalassemia, and two main types of beta thalassemia. Acta Biomed. Blood transfusions are a mainstay of treatment for some people with thalassemia. This means red blood cells aren't made properly or they are destroyed. S124: Adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination in transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients. Can COVID-19 Be A Threat For Thalassemia Patients? Find - Onlymyhealth Needs T, et al. The results provide hope that people receiving SARS-CoV-2 vaccines will develop similar lasting immune memories after vaccination. In thalassemia, the body is unable to make either alpha or beta chains in adequate amounts. EHA and TIF on How COVID-19 Affects Thalassemia and SCD Patients Abstract. Thalassemia results from an affected gene that causes the problem with hemoglobin. Yes, you can have the trait for both alpha- and beta-thalassemia. Among people with thalassemia, little is known about long-term complications from COVID-19 at this time. Front Med (Lausanne). We avoid using tertiary references. The use of corticosteroid medications (such as prednisone) can have both positive and negative effects and must be carefully weighed in people with thalassemia. Researchers found no link between blood type and COVID-19 risk, adding that more research was needed on the topic. You inherit two copies of this gene one from each parent. The changing epidemiology of the ageing thalassaemia populations: a position statement of the Thalassaemia International Federation. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Learn more. But they do test for sickle cell anemia, which can also detect thalassemia. Harewood J, et al. 2020;108:154260.doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154260, Leblanc JF, Germain M, Delage G, et al. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Vaccine safety and effectiveness for people with beta thalassemia. In this study, the most common side effects in people with thalassemia were: Researchers are still examining how COVID-19 affects people with beta thalassemia. EHA and TIF explore how COVID-19 is affecting thalassemia and SCD Scientists use + to indicate a gene mutation that lowers production and 0 to indicate a mutation that causes the gene to be absent. The novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) is a contagious acute respiratory infectious disease whose causative agent has been demonstrated to be a novel virus of the coronavirus family, SARSCoV-2. Common COVID-19 treatments, including prone positioning (turning a patient on their stomach), non-invasive ventilation (oxygen delivered via a face mask), and intubation and mechanical ventilation (where a tube is inserted down the throat and a machine pumps air in and out of the lungs), may be needed depending on the severity. Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. As published in the New England Journal of Medicine, several months after this non-heritable treatment, all patients no longer needed frequent . PMC It's not known whether this therapy has any effect on the outcomes of COVID-19 in people with thalassemia. . Prevention measures are very important. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. You can also have both alpha- and beta-thalassemia. Six had their spleens removed. The pandemic has been hard on everyone, especially those with chronic illnesses. Herd immunity and COVID-19: What you need to know Aim: Low levels of immune-related micronutrients have been identified in -thalassemia samples. doi: 10.4084/MJHID.2023.007. In general, if both parents have thalassemia trait, theres a: Because more genes are involved in alpha-thalassemia trait, there are several possible outcomes depending on each parents combination of genes. So, its important to know your status. What Are the Differences Between the Pfizer and Moderna COVID-19 Vaccines? Types include alpha and beta thalassemia. In a large Iranian study, the prevalence of COVID-19 in people with non-transfusion dependent thalassemia (those with the disease not dependent on transfusions) was much higher than in the general population (45 vs. 22.3 infections per 10,000 people). Beta thalassemia major often needs to be treated with regular blood transfusions. There are very few medications that are contraindicated (should not be used) in people who may be exposed to SARS-CoV-2 or who have developed a COVID-19 infection.
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