The fragments of five andesite gateways with similar characteristics to the Gateway of the Sun were found. While the site of Puma Punku in Western Bolivia remains a crowning achievement of Andean architecture, and it rivals sites found around the world, scientists have very few answers regarding the most basic questions of who, what, when, and why. According to Card, Atlantis and aliens enthusiasts point to the fine-cut masonry and the location of Pumapunku in the high Altiplano as mysteries. [22], cramp sockets in the foundation platforms of Pumapunku, Ornamental stone with I-cramp sockets which suggests that more stones were added to this block, T-shaped sockets at Ollantaytambo that are similar to those found at Pumapunku, Comparison of the Tiwanaku cramp technique (left) with that in Delphi (right). Puma Punku Stone Blocks Bolivia. I found two sources that may shed light on this question, it won't completely demystify the Puma Punku riddle but it might help getting a bit closer to the true intentions of the builders. The ruins of Puma Punku are one of four structures in the ancient city of Tiahuanaco. And while some people may seem content with the story as it stands, our view is that there existcountless mysteries, scientific anomalies and surprising artifacts thathave yet to be discovered and explained. Andalusia is home to excellent breeds, and has a host of stud farms for Arabian, Anglo-Arabian, Hispano-Arabian, English horses. This terrace is paved with multiple enormous stone blocks. More alternative suggestions say the stones could have been moved with some sort of large lifting vehicles which mainstream archaeologists do not believe existed in the area at the time. Out of Place Artifacts; Who Really Discovered America? Im no scientist, but it seems as if humans should have figured it out a really long time ago. This layer was deposited during the first of three construction epochs, and dates the initial construction of the Pumapunku to AD 536600 (1510 25 B.P. To get there, visitors have to travel to Brittany and then take a path from a hard-to-access hamlet called Illien Ar Guen. This is part of the reason why many people have suggested that the ancient inhabitants of Puma Punku had received outside help to create the site. [14] According to the art historian Jessica Joyce Christie, the experiments of Jean-Pierre Protzen and Stella Nair showed that the Tiwanaku artisans may have possessed additional tools which facilitated the creation of exact geometric cuts and forms and of which archeology has no record at this time.[15]. What is it, what was it? Tiwanaku is significant in Inca traditions because it is believed to be the site where the world was created. After Akapana, which is believed to be "Pumapunku's twin", Pumapunku was the second most important construction in Tiwanaku. Why Is The Stone At Puma Punku In Bolivia Magnetic? The architectural historian Jean-Pierre Protzen from University of California, Berkeley states that in the past it often has been argued that among the buildings at Ollantaytambo the monumental structures (e. g. the Wall of the six monoliths) were the work of the earlier Tiwanaku culture and have been reused by the Incas: An argument persists that the Wall of the six monoliths and the vanished structures from which the blocks have been recycled predate the Incas and were work of the earlier Tiahuanaco culture. The second largest stone block at Puma Punku is 7.90 meters (25.9 ft.) long, 2.50 meters (8.20 ft.) wide, and 1.86 meters (6.10 ft.) thick. Were there Puma Punku ancient aliens whose technology remains ignored? Russian Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu Wants to Clone Scythian Army, Possible Million-Year-Old Tools Unearthed in Sudan Could Change Human History, Archeologists Puzzled by Hundreds of Egyptian Tombs from Pre-Dynastic Era, Ancient Cave Painters Starved Themselves of Oxygen to Hallucinate, The Zone of Silence: An Ancient Mystery of Old Mexico, The Legend of Crystal Skulls Emerges From the Mayan Jungle. [5] The remarkable aspects of the sandstone slabs, including their size and smooth surfaces have drawn comments for several centuries. [12] Some of the stones are in an unfinished state, showing some of the techniques used to shape them. Transports - Official Andalusia tourism website According to some theories, the Pumapunku complex and surrounding monumental structures like Akapana, Kalasasaya, Putuni, and Kerikala functioned as spiritual and ritual centers for the Tiwanaku. Did The Vikings Use a Solar Stone Crystal to Navigate Cloudy Seas? [8] Many of the joints are so precise, a razor blade cannot fit between the stones. Two common proposals involve the use of llama skin ropes, and the use of ramps and inclined planes.[12]. Stone blocks at Puma Punku, Bolivia. Llama skin ropes, ramps, and inclined planes, may have all been used in overland transport. The geophysical data collected from these surveys and excavations indicate the presence of numerous man-made structures in the area between the Pumapunku and Kalasasaya complexes. The Controversial Lapedo Child A Neanderthal / Human Hybrid? Map Directions Satellite Photo Map Wikipedia Photo: Brattarb, CC BY-SA 3.0. + Create your own database. [12] Modern engineers argue that base of Pumapunku was constructed using a technique called layering and depositing. . (2018) El misterio de Puma Punku. Amarilo. The name means "door of the puma," and as far as archaeologists know, Puma Punku was a thriving, ancient town originating somewhere around 500 and 600 C.E. The purpose of the enormous structures has yet to be explained. Then, two things happened: either Chaos or Gaia created the universe as we know it, or Ouranos and Tethys gave birth to the first beings. These sculptures show fearsome traits of predatory animals, they crouch or kneel while clutching a human head in one hand and an axe in the other. There is also evidence of buried homes and irrigation systems laying beneath and between the various features of the Tiwanaku complex. A close-up of the carvings on the famous Tiwanaku Gate of the Sun. Puma Punku is a Pre-Columbian archaeological site in Bolivia that is steeped in wonder and mystery. Both of these stone blocks are part of the Plataforma Ltica, and are red sandstone. Beltane is an ancient Gaelic festival celebrating the beginning of summer and the renewal of life. Pumapunku, The Ancient Site Where The Inca Believed The World Began Download scientific diagram | Topographic and plan view of the Pumapunku from publication: Reconstructing ancient architecture at Tiwanaku, Bolivia: the potential and promise of 3D printing . Overall, argues Dunning, Puma Punku may not be a fantastic feat too great for humankind. Identical "nested square" symbols can be found on stone stelas in the museum at Pukara. Where Did Humans Originate, Earth or Outer Space? From legends handed down to the Incas and Spanish conquerors, and from whats left of Tiwanaku monuments, archeologists have pieced together a compelling picture of Tiwanaku religious beliefs. The second largest stone block found within the complex is 7.90 metres (25.9 feet) long, 2.50 metres (8feet 2inches) wide, and averages 1.86 metres (6feet 1inch) thick. In. The Pumapunku is a terraced earthen mound faced with blocks. The mummies of Puma Punku, preserved on one of the Tiwanakus most sacred sites. Facts, History, and Speculation. People who disagree with this later date often argue that the radiocarbon dating results provided by anthropology professor William H. Isbell of the University of Illinois are inaccurate and provide an unreliable date range. On the northeast and southeast corners of the complex, rectangular projections measuring roughly 88 feet in length each extend beyond the basic shape of the mound, giving the site somewhat of a T-shaped design. Puma Punku is just one of several stepped platform constructions that have been excavated at Tiwanaku. Tags: Andalusia. These excavation trenches also demonstrated the lack of any pre-Andean Middle Horizon cultural deposits within the area of the Tiwanaku Site adjacent to the Pumapunku complex. Since the radiocarbon date came from the deepest and oldest layer of mound-fill under the andesite and sandstone stonework, the stonework was probably constructed sometime after AD 536600. How did the Ancients Move 100-Ton Megaliths at Puma Punku? The Pumapunku complex is an alignment of plazas and ramps centered on the Pumapunku platform mound. Even with modern-day technology and information, these structures defy logic and confound those who seek to solve the mysteries that lie within them. Archaeologist Reconstructs Ruins of Tiwanaku Temple in Bolivia Using 3 Available at: http://www.ancient-wisdom.com/boliviapumapunka.htm, Darin, P. (2014) Enduring Mystery Surrounds the Ancient Site of Puma Punku. Epoch Times. New Discoveries at Tiwanaku & Puma Punku: The Lost Statue of Viracocha Dunning applied logic to the mystery, suggesting that perhaps the Puma Punku blocks were not chiseled, but rather poured using concrete or some such similar material. For example it has been shown that the much-admired carved block known as the "Escritorio del Inca" is an accurate and reduced-scale model of full-scale architecture. Puma Punku is a large site which expands across a distance exceeding the dimensions of two football fields. And the question remains how primitive people could have created smooth and flawless right angles and circular holes in Puma Punku stones with crude hammers and chisels. The accepted dimensions for the largest stone at Puma Punku are 7.81meters (25.62 ft.) long, 5.17(16.96 ft.) meters wide, and 1.07meters (3.51 ft.) thick. Puma Punku is a beautiful and true wonder of the ancient world. ", One gateway at Pumapunku with similar iconography to the Gateway of the Sun, Nested structures which are typical for Pumapunku Style architecture, Cramp technique at Tiwanaku (above) compared to the one in, Vranich, A., 2006, "The Construction and Reconstruction of Ritual Space at Tiwanaku, Bolivia: A.D. 500-1000. An extensive infrastructure was developed, including a complex irrigation system extending more than 30 square miles (80km2) to support cultivation of potatoes, quinoa, corn, and other various crops. On the northeast and southeast corners of the Pumapunku, it has 20-metre (66-foot) wide projections extending 27.6 metres (91 feet) north and south from the rectangular mound. [12] The precise cuts suggest the possibility of pre-fabrication and mass production, technologies far in advance of the Tiwanakus Inca successors hundreds of years later. The architecture found in the ruins astounds archaeologists and historians and has inspired advanced ancient civilization and ancient alien theories. Others say people left due to an earthquake and possibly a huge wave hitting the site. Ruins of Pumapunku or Puma Punku part of a large temple complex or monument group that is part of the Tiwanaku Site near Tiwanaku Bolivia Puma Punku - Bolivia Ancient Carved Stone Blocks Stone Gate at Kalasayaya temple, Tiahuanaco, Bolivia Megalithic stone in Bolivia #pumapunku #pumapunkudrillholes #pumapunkubolivia Lying in a remote valley in the Andes, Puma Punku has been a puzzle for experts for decades. The vast green fields of potatoes, corn, and quinoa lay fallow, and the people vanished from the area, breaking into small factions and fleeing into the mountains. Interviews with modern day stonemasons have revealed that even with todays advanced technology, it would be extremely difficult to replicate the precision observed in the stones found at Puma Punku. ,". Posnansky was one of the first modern explorers to examine the site but his hypothesis continues to have many supporters. Some evidence suggests that those who suffered this fate may have been not native Tiwanaku but rather outsiders captured in raids or battles. Ancient Mysteries: Puma Punku in Tiahuanaco, Bolivia Amateur archaeological excavation and looting are believed to have occurred repeatedly over the centuries.
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