A systematic literature search of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases was performed to identify studies. 2023 Mar 18;10(4):ofad142. Similarly, the increase in social media use time was also associated with depressive symptoms (pooled OR=1.43, 95% CI: 1.301.85), and the heterogeneity between studies was moderate (I2=67.16%). The study was rated as high quality only if the evaluation of both raters was congruent. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2021 Oct 6;23(11):70. doi: 10.1007/s11920-021-01288-y. Sage Open. The author(s) read and approved the final manuscript. 2023 Jan 26;14:1071938. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1071938. New York: Chapman and Hall/CRC; 2021. As government health organizations used it to relay recent findings on prevention and treatment, social media became more than a place to post the latest vacation photos it became a hub of pandemic-related information. Methods: doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofad142. 2020;25(1):7993. Lee, Y., Jeon, Y.J., Kang, S. et al. Ryan T, Chester A, Reece J, Xenos S. The uses and abuses of Facebook: a review of Facebook addiction. Revenge bedtime procrastination: A plight of our times? An official website of the United States government. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. -. How Blame and Shame Can Fuel Depression in Rape Victims, Getting More Hugs Is Linked to Fewer Symptoms of Depression, Interacting With Outgroup Members Reduces Prejudice. To maintain mental wellness during this pandemic, take care to exercise proper awareness for yourself and your family when engaging in the use of social media platforms. Influence of social media on mental health: a systematic review There has understandably been widespread concern about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated restrictions on the mental health of children and young people, with evidence of recent increases in the prevalence of mental health problems. By using this website, you agree to our While we are all impacted in differing ways by social media consumption, the continual flow of negative and misinformation during the past 18 months have spread fear; the highlighting of social and political issues has reduced optimism; and edited photos and toxically positive content leave no space to feel secure or express negative emotions healthily. As a result, the stigma surrounding mental health conditions may be decreasing. Passion, exercise, and meaningful relationships are a boon to brain health. 2020;395(10227):91220. The search strategy principles were as follows: (1) Social media or individual names of social media in the title, keyword and abstract results; (2) Terms referring to mental health with COVID-19 specified in the title (e.g. There has been a stream of news regarding the pandemic, creating a sense of urgency and anxiety. (2012). 2023 Mar;9(3):e13468. Liu BF, Kim S. How organizations framed the 2009 H1N1 pandemic via social and traditional media: implications for US health communicators. Prior studies have found mixed results regarding the relationship between social media use and college student mental health. Data show that around 20% of children and adolescents worldwide live with a mental health condition. Healthcare. The search terms for a systematic search were as following: (1) (COVID-19 OR corona) AND (mental health OR depress* OR anxiety) AND (social media OR Instagram OR Facebook OR twitter) for PubMed, (2) (coronavirus disease 2019/exp/mj) AND (mental health/exp/mj OR depression/exp OR anxiety/exp) AND (social media/exp./mj OR Facebook/exp. Mindlessness or numbing out. To preserve your energy, it's recommended that you regularly unplug and focus your time and energy on the people and things around you that are of importance to you. 2021;9(2):222. Stress reactions due to pandemic-related information overload. 2021;6(2):159-66. In each study, the association with the mental health level of the social media frequent use group (compared to the low frequency group) was calculated as the odds ratio, and the association with the increase in the mental health level per hour increase was calculated as the regression coefficient () and Pearsons r. Statistics used for calculating pooled effects (e.g., odds ratio, regression coefficient, and Pearsons r) were utilized as its adjusted value with covariates from each study, not the unadjusted crude values. eCollection 2023 Apr. Further observation studies with longitudinal design to determine the true effect of social media platform are required. Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic - Wikipedia Writing original draft: YRL, YJJ, SHK, SJJ. R news. Person B, Sy F, Holton K, Govert B, Liang A. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance - Social Support and Technology Use To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Are Women More Attracted to Men With Tattoos? This meta-analysis review was registered with PROSPERO (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, registration No CRD42021260223, 15 June 2021). During the COVID-19 pandemic, both social media use and rates of anxiety and depression among college students have increased significantly. Res Synth Methods. National Library of Medicine 2015. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/metafor/metafor.pdf. However, in some people, anxiety can become overwhelming and cause harm. Spicemas Launch 28th April, 2023 - Facebook Quality assessment was conducted by two independent researchers using the Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Nonrandomized Studies (RoBANS). Methodology: JIS, YCJ, YRL, SJJ. J Health Psychol. Future interventions to improve mental health should consider elements of both disaster stressor and negative affect. The new analyses also describe some of the severe challenges youth encountered during the pandemic: Methods: Data were drawn from the COVID-19 Effects on the Mental and Physical Health of AAPI Survey Study (COMPASS) for the time period of October 2020 to February 2021. eCollection 2023. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. 2020 Nov 13;29:e181. Adolescent Res Rev. Experimental evidence of massive-scale emotional contagion through social networks. Prof. Steven C. Hayes, Foundation Professor of Psychology at the University of Nevada, Reno, who developed the Relational Frame Theory and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, told MNT: We know that there are toxic processes that produce particular challenges for people: exposure to physical and psychological pain; a comparison with others and judgment; entanglement with self-judgment., He further explained that [t]hose predict pathological outcomes if youre not able to step back to notice the process of feeling and thinking, to orient to whats present and what is really important to you and line up your behavior behind that., And social media, he added, because of its exposure to pain comparison and judgment, enormously challenges us all in ways that are orders of magnitude more severe than ever in the history of humanity. Impact of Social Media Use on Mental Health within Adolescent and Student Populations during COVID-19 Pandemic: Review. 2020. PostedDecember 4, 2020 Sometimes we end up alone without wanting to be. Heliyon. Undoubtedly, there are numerous benefits to using social media. Kaurani P, Batra K, Hooja HR, Banerjee R, Jayasinghe RM, Bandara DL, et al. Prof. Hayes noted that the COVID-19 pandemic exploded the idea that mental health conditions only affect certain individuals. The pooled estimates of retrieved studies were summarised in odds ratios (ORs). California Privacy Statement, Testing a tool for assessing the risk of bias for nonrandomized studies showed moderate reliability and promising validity. Social Media Use, Fake News and Mental Health during the Uncertain Instead of face-to-face interaction, people used social media and text . Results indicate a link between higher use of social media and an increased risk of depression. It is interesting to find its effect also in politics, organizations and even psychiatric illnesses. Cite this article. 2023 Mar 15;325:747-754. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.009. [It will also allow you] to create habits around those instead of creating habits around fear and judgment and comparison.. Fear and stigma: the epidemic within the SARS outbreak. 2). Publication bias was assessed by funnel plot analysis and Eggers test (Supplementary Material 41). doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.25591. The authors declare no competing interests. Non-original studies and those conducted with irrelevant subjects (n=218) were excluded. From conspiracy theories to false information about cures, there is an abundance of misinformation spread on social media platforms about the novel coronavirus. Cooper LN, Radunsky AP, Hanna JJ, Most ZM, Perl TM, Lehmann CU, Medford RJ. Bookshelf Ma Z, Zhao J, Li Y, Chen D, Wang T, Zhang Z, Chen Z, Yu Q, Jiang J, Fan F, Liu X. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. For instance, using questionnaires, researchers in China interviewed 512 college students from March 24 to April 1, 2020, to determine whether social media harmed mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Epub 2023 Feb 10. The results of the statistical approaches to identify the cause of heterogeneity (i.e. Antecedents and Consequences of Misinformation Sharing Behavior among Adults on Social Media during COVID-19. This begs the question, what is the relationship between social media use and college student mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic? COVID-19 and behavior: Effects on mental health, communication Why do we procrastinate on sleep when we know that it might affect our productivity? Total of 346 studies were selected from the database search (288 from PubMed, 34 from Embase, and 24 from the Cochrane Library). eCollection 2023 Jan-Mar. Daniels M, Sharma M, Batra K. Social media, stress and sleep deprivation: a triple S among adolescents. Studies were subdivided into categories according to the summary estimate of effect sizes (odds ratio [OR], beta estimate from multiple linear regression [], and correlation coefficient [Pearsons r]). Social media use and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in Estimates presented in odds ratios (OR). Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. According to Chambers: Social media platforms have a key role to play in how their products impact on the mental health and well-being of their users. Lim LTS, Regencia ZJG, Dela Cruz JRC, Ho FDV, Rodolfo MS, Ly-Uson J, Baja ES. All statistical analyses and visualisations were performed with the meta, metaphor, and dmeter package of R version 3.6.3 (https://cran.r-project.org/), using a random-effect model [13,14,15]. Privacy Social media use and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in young adults: a meta-analysis of 14 cross-sectional studies. 2021;12:1199. 2000;56(2):45563. COVID-19; College students; Literature review; Mental health; Pandemic; Social media. Overexposure to inaccurate and false information can be confusing and overwhelming, ultimately leading to increased anxiety, mistrust, stress, and depression. The effect measures were odds ratio, regression coefficient, and Pearsons r, which calculated the association between the increase in social media use time and anxiety and depressive symptoms. But has the use of social media during the pandemic negatively impacted mental health and well-being? She asserts that the COVID-19 pandemic, when social media use skyrocketed, caused a mental health crisis. BMC Med Res Methodol. During the pandemic, TikTok served as a way for teens to connect with others over sharing a mental health illness. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Those processes have been toxic from the beginning, but exposure to those processes as a daily diet is new. Social media may be helpful for relieving anxiety and depression by providing information regarding the pandemic [7, 8]. Conclusions: Men have long been silent and stoic about their inner lives, but theres every reason for them to open up emotionallyand their partners are helping. Mental health in biological disasters: From SARS to COVID-19. Conceptualization: YRL, SJJ. The prevalence of depression, anxiety and combination of depression and anxiety (CDA) was 48.3% (95%CI: 46.9%-49.7%), 22.6% (95%CI: 21.4%-23.8%) and 19.4% (95%CI: 18.3%-20.6%) during COVID-19 outbroke in Wuhan, China. Also, implementation of social distancing mandates new norms limiting physical conducts in almost all sectors of life, including educational institutes and vocational venue. The repeated sharing of disturbing news can negatively impact the mental health of those social media users who are overexposed to this tragic material. The Comprehensive R Archive Network Package metafor. 2020;27(3):taaa031. Academic Press. BMC Public Health. 2018;83(1):26277. Prof. Hayes noted that although mental health impacts everyone to some degree, that does not mean all people should be in therapy. The Impacts of Social Media Use and Online Racial Discrimination on Asian American Mental Health: Cross-sectional Survey in the United States During COVID-19 JMIR Form Res. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the This meta-analysis review was registered with PROSPERO (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, registration No CRD42021260223, 15 June 2021). A 2018 British study tied social media use to decreased, disrupted, and delayed sleep, which is associated with depression, memory loss, and poor academic performance. Lastly, some of the analysis showed a relatively high inter-study heterogeneity (range: I2=0.0080.53%). We need to step up to that. eCollection 2023. There is no convincing evidence that depression is caused by serotonin abnormalities. Three studies each on anxiety and depression (Supplementary Material 11-2, 12-2) reported their findings in (n=2376 and n=2574 for anxiety and depression, respectively). Boasting about professional accomplishments has negative repercussions. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Social Media Use, Fake News and Mental Health during the Uncertain After 18 months of pandemic, 118 participants remained in the study (mean age of 56.6 13.4 years, 66.7% were women). 2020. This Special Feature looks at the emerging phenomenon of COVID-19 anxiety syndrome and offers some tips on coping with it. In addition, sensitivity analysis was also conducted with unbiased high quality studies through quality assessment. Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. RoBANS applies to cross-sectional studies and comprises six items: participant selection, confounding, exposure measurement, blinding of outcome assessments, missing outcomes, and selective reporting of outcomes. PLoS One. Can diet help improve depression symptoms? Kramer AD, Guillory JE, Hancock JT. The fear of missing out. Brief exposure to social media during the COVID-19 pandemic - PLOS Comput Hum Behav. This health misinformation may lead to an increase in fear, anxiety, and poor health choices. This means that more people are. The COVID-19 pandemic acts as a moderator by strengthening the relationship between social media use and mental health. During the COVID-19 pandemic, a report published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) found that of the adults surveyed in the United States: Further research suggests that pandemic-related mental health challenges have impacted people differently, with some racial and ethnic groups disproportionately affected by pandemic stress. J Health Soc Sci. 2012;2(3):e001001. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies There are specific issues relevant to the pandemic and social media that can have a negative impact on our mental health. Viechtbauer W, Viechtbauer MW. To begin, the most obvious benefit that arises from the use of social media is the ability to stay connected with friends and family. As result of quality assessment analysis, pooled effect size of studies classified as high quality was presented in Table 1. COVID-19 pandemic and mental health consequences: systematic review of the current evidence. How COVID-19 News Affect Older Adults' Mental Health-Evidence of a Positivity Bias. Case Rep Psychiatry. Faden J, Levin J, Mistry R, Wang J. Delusional disorder, erotomanic type, exacerbated by social media use. Epub 2023 Jan 13. Exploring the effects of social media on mental health during COVID The positive effect of social media while COVID. Online ahead of print. Coping with COVID-19: How Young People Use Digital Media to Manage As summarised in Supplementary material 1 and 8, 13 papers studied anxiety as an outcome (6 studies in odds ratio, 3 in regression coefficient, 4 in Pearsons r), and a total of 9 papers studied depression as an outcome (6 studies in odds ratio, 3 in regression coefficient). Objective: We examined social support and technology use and their relationships with mental and physical health outcomes through the COVID-19 pandemic among AAPIs. Researchers know the connection between the mind and the gut can turn anxiety and depression into nausea . Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Duval S, Tweedie R. Trim and fill: a simple funnel-plotbased method of testing and adjusting for publication bias in meta-analysis. Soraci P, Ferrari A, Abbiati FA, Del Fante E, De Pace R, Urso A, et al. The truth about teens, social media and the mental health crisis Therefore, a meta-analysis was conducted to solve the contradictory effects of social media platform on anxiety and depression based on studies reporting an association between the use of social media and mental health outcomes (i.e., anxiety and depression) on the pandemic setting. New research indicates that video games are not as bad as we once feared. Is the ketogenic diet right for autoimmune conditions? All of this screen time greatly increases our overall exposure to a type of light referred to as blue light. Table 1 shows the result of the meta-analysis about the relationship between time spent on social media and mental health outcomes (i.e., anxiety and depression) of the selected cross-sectional studies. This global reach is what has made social media a critical communication platform during the COVID-19 pandemic. Google Scholar. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. Here are a few that we have noted: As we spend more time at home, our overall use of technology has increased. Since the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic in January 2020 the need for rapid information spread grew and social media became the ultimate platform for information exchange as well as a tool for connection and entertainment. FOIA Many old and new platforms became the primary means to stay current with accurate news and health information, connect to loved ones, participate in viral challenges, and stay on top of celebrity gossip. 2022 May 3;17(5):e0267555. A Survey Study Investigating Loneliness and its Association with Social Social media use and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in young adults: a meta-analysis of 14 cross-sectional studies, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13409-0, https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/metafor/metafor.pdf, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. Practice Improves the Potential for Future Plasticity, How Financial Infidelity Can Affect Your Gray Divorce, Carlin Barnes, MD and Marketa Wills, MD, MBA, How COVID-19 Changed the Landscape of Mental Health Care, How to Get a Loved One the Help They Deserve, The Importance of Mental Health Awareness Month, 8 Reasons to Try Low-Carb for Mental Health, Why People Should Stop Bragging on Social Media, Social Media and the Rising Trend of Cosmetic Surgery, Why Forgiving Does Not Require an Apology, How to Counter TikToks Mental Health Misinformation. Correspondence to Kattula D, Singh Balhara YP, Chukkali S, Singh S, Bhargava R, Ganesh R. Psychiatr Danub. 2020;7(4):e178. According to the new data, in 2021, more than a third (37%) of high school students reported they experienced poor mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic, and 44% reported they persistently felt sad or hopeless during the past year. COVID-19; disaster stressor; mental health; negative affect; social media use. For sensitivity analysis, additional analysis including only high quality studies was conducted and it compared with the pooled estimates of overall results (see Table1). Cookies policy. In this Special Feature, Medical News Today looks at what research says about social media use and the COVID-19 pandemic to reveal how it has affected mental health. We investigate the phenomenon of revenge bedtime procrastination. 8600 Rockville Pike Article Results: Social media, COVID-19, and mental health, New clues to slow aging? Impact of social media on mental health of the general population during Covid-19 pandemic: A systematic review. Mental Health of Children and Adolescents Amidst COVID-19 and Past Pandemics: A Rapid Systematic Review. This study was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea, funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (2020R1C1C1003502), awarded to SJJ. An official website of the United States government. 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