Checkpoint question which of the following statements Most users just read the headline, comment and share without digesting the entire article or thinking critically about its content (if they read it at all).. Information overload crushes peoples attention spans. And the political environment is bad., Ian OByrne, assistant professor at the College of Charleston, replied, Human nature will take over as the salacious is often sexier than facts. On the one hand, its good that the big players are finally stepping up and taking responsibility. To maximize the chances of sending effective communication, it is advisable to use a single channel to send it. But because the internet cannot be regulated free speech will continue to dominate, meaning the information environment will not improve., But another share of respondents said that is precisely why authenticated identities which are already operating in some places, including China will become a larger part of information systems. D) It cannot explain the findings of the dichotic listening paradigm. When there is value in misinformation, it will rule., Big political players have just learned how to play this game. Capabilities and Limits of Automated Multimedia Content Analysis (2021) people tend to seek information that aligns with their views. When things are added to the catalogue, the item cold-start problem occurs when they have no or very few interactions. There is and will be a market (public and private providers) for trusted information. Anonymous survey participants also responded: A number of respondents believe there will be policy remedies that move beyond whatever technical innovations emerge in the next decade. People tend to filter downward communication more than upward communication. Not monotonically, and not without effort, but fundamentally, I still believe that the efforts to improve the information environment will ultimately outweigh efforts to devolve it., Bryan Alexander, futurist and president of Bryan Alexander Consulting, replied, Growing digital literacy and the use of automated systems will tip the balance towards a better information environment.. Each can have real facts, but it is the facts that are gathered that matter in coming to a conclusion; who will determine what facts will be considered or what is even considered a fact., A research assistant at MIT noted, Fake and true are not as binary as we would like, and combined with an increasingly connected and complex digital society its a challenge to manage the complexity of social media without prescribing a narrative as truth., An internet pioneer and longtime leader at ICANN said, There is little prospect of a forcing factor that will emerge that will improve the truthfulness of information in the internet., A vice president for stakeholder engagement said, Trust networks are best established with physical and unstructured interaction, discussion and observation. In fact, a share of the respondents predicted that the online information environment will not improve in the next decade because any requirement for authenticated identities would take away the publics highly valued free-speech rights and allow major powers to control the information environment. Sally did not consider her. A professor at MIT observed, I see this as problem with a socioeconomic cure: Greater equity and justice will achieve much more than a bot war over facts. Last change saved 4 minutes ago. B) The filtering function can be applied to only one data set on a worksheet. The process should encourage and allow users to ask for filtered websites and content to be unblocked, with minimal delay and due respect for user privacy. Featured Speakers: Doug Archer, Bob Bocher, Deborah Caldwell-Stone, Jamie LaRue, Michael Robinson Research demonstrates that filters consistently both over- and underblock the content they claim to filter. A number of respondents challenged the idea that any individuals, groups or technology systems could or should rate information as credible, factual, true or not. Featured Speakers: Doug Archer, Bob Bocher, Deborah Caldwell-Stone, Jamie LaRue, Michael Robinson B) If 25% of items are congruent, the participant will more quickly identify an incongruent item than another person whose task involves 75% congruency. He recently read a memo from one, department presenting a new idea for a product. Such an effort, some said, might prepare more people to be wise in what they view/read/believe and possibly even serve to upgrade the overall social norms of information sharing. B) Speed of speech $45.84$34.38\$45.84 - \$34.38 It is due to a flaw in the human consumers of information and can be repaired only by education of those consumers., An anonymous respondent from the Harvard Universitys Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society noted, False information intentionally or inadvertently so is neither new nor the result of new technologies. Which of the following is NOT a task used to quantitatively measuring attention? Most respondents who expect the environment to worsen said human nature is at fault. People tend to filter downward communication more than upward communication. Which of the following process helps in Image enhancement? Filters and algorithms will improve to both verify raw data, separate overlays and to correct for a feedback loop., Semantic technologies will be able to cross-verify statements, much like meta-analysis., The credibility history of each individual will be used to filter incoming information., The veracity of information will be linked to how much the source is perceived as trustworthy we may, for instance, develop a trust index and trust will become more easily verified using artificial-intelligence-driven technologies., The work being done on things like verifiable identity and information sharing through loose federation will improve things somewhat (but not completely). The more a given source is attributed to fake news, the lower it will sit in the credibility tree. What barrier is facing Martin in this scenario. Worse, their active philosophy is that assessing and responding to likely or potential negative impacts of their inventions is both not theirs to do and even shouldnt be done., Patricia Aufderheide, professor of communications and founder of the Center for Media and Social Impact at American University, said, Major interests are not invested enough in reliability to create new business models and political and regulatory standards needed for the shift. In fact, there is a virtuous circle where acquisition of trustable information reduces ignorance, which leads to better use of better information, etc., Judith Donath,fellow at Harvard Universitys Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society and founder of the Sociable Media Group at the MIT Media Lab, wrote, Yes, trusted methods will emerge to block false narratives and allow accurate information to prevail, and, yes, the quality and veracity of information online will deteriorate due to the spread of unreliable, sometimes even dangerous, socially destabilizing ideas. D) 50 objects including blue triangles and red circles. 2) Information providers will become legally responsible for their content. Content filtering is used by corporations as part of Internet firewall computers and also by home . How has economic globalization positively influenced world politics? They eschew accountability for the impact of their inventions on society and have not developed any of the principles or practices that can deal with the complex issues. B) Spatial Cueing paradigm Do we even know what those decisions are?, A professor and chair in a department of educational theory, policy and administration commented, Some of this work can be done in private markets. Many respondents agree that misinformation will persist as the online realm expands and more people are connected in more ways. Which of the following statements about filter models of attention is most correct? Reasons for pessimism: Imploding trust in institutions; institutions that do not recognize the need to radically change to regain trust; and business models that favor volume over value., Jim Warren, an internet pioneer and open-government/open-records/open-meetings advocate, said, False and misleading information has always been part of all cultures (gossip, tabloids, etc.). Without a framework for regulation, I cant imagine penalties.. Perhaps the surge of fake news in the recent past will serve as a wake-up call to address these aspects of online skills in the media and to address these as fundamental educational competencies in our education system. Some think the threat of regulatory reform via government agencies may force the issue of required identities and the abolition of anonymity protections for platform users. And many others., Leah Lievrouw, professor in the department of information studies at the University of California, Los Angeles, observed, So many players and interests see online information as a uniquely powerful shaper of individual action and public opinion in ways that serve their economic or political interests (marketing, politics, education, scientific controversies, community identity and solidarity, behavioral nudging, etc.). According to Cherry's work on auditory attention, which of the following would NOT help to distinguish target sounds from background noise? 10. The public isnt motivated to seek out verified, vetted information. Many respondents who hope for improvement in the information environment mentioned ways in which new technological solutions might be implemented. In this scenario, what part of the communication process does the voicemail, If students try to go online to view the syllabus and the universitys computer system keeps shutting down on them. Which of these statements regarding communication within an organization is true? That money is drying up, and it seems unlikely to be replaced within the next decade., Rich Ling, professor of media technology at the School of Communication and Information at Nanyang Technological University, said, We have seen the consequences of fake news in the U.S. presidential election and Brexit. Blockchain technology may be an option, but every technological system needs to be built on trust, and as long as there is no globally governed trust system that is open and transparent, there will be no reliable verification systems.. Increased censorship and mass surveillance will tend to create official truths in various parts of the world. 3) A few trusted sources will continue to dominate the internet., Irene Wu, adjunct professor of communications, culture and technology at Georgetown University, said, Information will improve because people will learn better how to deal with masses of digital information. Fencing Out Knowledge:Impacts of the Children's Internet Protection Act 10 Years Later (2014) The difference between the top choice and the bottom one is troubling. Support OIF with a $25, $50, $100, or $250 donation. Broken as it might be, the internet is still capable of routing around damage., Marina Gorbis, executive director of the Institute for the Future, predicted, Its not going to be better or worse but very different. which of the following statements about filtering information is accurate?papa smurf tattoo Bots are often employed, and AI is expected to be implemented heavily in the information wars to magnify the speed and impact of messaging. Many of those who expect no improvement of the information environment said those who wish to spread misinformation are highly motivated to use innovative tricks to stay ahead of the methods meant to stop them. C) Filters can only be established on an Excel table. Low conflict leads to high performance. The average man or woman in America today has less knowledge of the underpinnings of his or her daily life than they did 50 or a hundred years ago. . Sorting can be applied to columns but not rows. Producers have an easy publishing platform to reach wide audiences and those audiences are flocking to the sources. D) Filtering enables a user to examine and analyze a subset of records. He wrote, Machine learning and sophisticated statistical techniques will be used to accurately simulate real information content and make fake information almost indistinguishable from the real thing., Jason Hong, associate professor at the School of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University, said, Some fake information will be detectable and blockable, but the vast majority wont. The proliferation of sources will increase the number of people who dont know who or what they trust. Numbers, Facts and Trends Shaping Your World, The Future of Truth and Misinformation Online. A) Controlled attention processes are slow, effortful, and consciously guide attention to objects of interest. And people can gain more creating fake information (both monetary and in notoriety) than they can keeping it from occurring., Serge Marelli, an IT professional who works on and with the Net, wrote, As a group, humans are stupid. It is group mind or a group phenomenon or, as George Carlin said, Never underestimate the power of stupid people in large groups. Then, you have Kierkegaard, who said, People demand freedom of speech as a compensation for the freedom of thought which they seldom use. And finally, Euripides said, Talk sense to a fool and he calls you foolish., Starr Roxanne Hiltz, distinguished professor of information systems and co-author of the visionary 1970s book The Network Nation, replied, People on systems like Facebook are increasingly forming into echo chambers of those who think alike. In the United States, corporate filtering of information will impose the views of the economic elite., The executive director of a major global privacy advocacy organization argued removing civil liberties in order to stop misinformation will not be effective, saying, Problematic actors will be able to game the devised systems while others will be over-regulated.. Tom Wolzien, chairman of The Video Call Center and Wolzien LLC, said, The market will not clean up the bad material, but will shift focus and economic rewards toward the reliable. Brief on Recommender Systems. Different types of recommendation | by Those players will be a key driver in the worsening of the information environment in the coming years and/or the lack of any serious attempts to effectively mitigate the problem. Content filters are unreliable because computer code and algorithms are still unable to adequately interpret, assess, and categorize the complexities of human communication, whether expressed in text or in image. But the underlying pathology wont be tamed through technology alone. Understanding Communication Chapter 3.1- 3.17 Q &A Homework Help.docx, 58. The rights of minors to retrieve, interact with, and create information posted on the Internet in schools and libraries are extensions of their First Amendment rights. and subscription providers will have a vested interest in culling down false narratives; 2) Algorithms that filter news will learn to discern the quality of a news item and not just tailor to virality or political leaning., In order to reduce the spread of fake news, we must deincentivize it financially. Appendix A Answers to Assessment Questions | Part Two - The We cant machine-learn our way out of this disaster, which is actually a perfect storm of poor civics knowledge and poor information literacy. Anthony has finished the emergency meeting and sits down at his desk, exhausted. By Chris Petersen, Shannon M. Oltmann, and Emily J.M. Furthermore, information is a source of power and thus a source of contemporary warfare., Peter Lunenfeld, a professor at UCLA, commented, For the foreseeable future, the economics of networks and the networks of economics are going to privilege the dissemination of unvetted, unverified and often weaponized information. The presence of largescale landlords controlling significant sections of the ecosystem (e.g., Google, Facebook) aids in this counter-response., A professor in technology law at a West-Coast-based U.S. university said, Intermediaries such as Facebook and Google will develop more-robust systems to reward legitimate producers and punish purveyors of fake news., A longtime director for Google commented, Companies like Google and Facebook are investing heavily in coming up with usable solutions. By Theresa Chmara published in American Libraries, State Laws Relating to Filtering, Blocking, and Usage Policies in Schools and Libraries (2016) Answer: C A. are the most complex type of firewall B. seldom examine the data or the addresses of the message C. can filter both inbound and outbound traffic D. examine the destination address but not the source address E. can examine the contents of VPN packets 26) Which of the following statements is TRUE about the for Library Service to Children (ALSC), Assn. Online information more generally has an almost limitless diversity of sources, with varied credibility. C) A blue P. A number of these respondents said information platform corporations such as Google and Facebook will begin to efficiently police the environment through various technological enhancements. ", Electronic Frontier Foundation That means the continuing bifurcation of haves and have-nots, when it comes to trusted news and information., An anonymous editor and publisher commented, Sadly, many Americans will not pay attention to ANY content from existing or evolving sources. We are at the beginning of a largescale negative impact from the undermining of a social sense of reliable fact. It operates at the Network layer and offers good performance but is the least secure. However, the ALA recognizes that local libraries and schools are governed by local decision makers and local considerations and often must rely on federal or state funding for computers and internet access. B) The words themselves cannot be ignored. These regulatory and legal options may not be politically possible to affect within the U.S., but they are certainly possible in Europe and elsewhere, especially if fake news is shown to have an impact on European elections., Sally Wentworth, vice president of global policy development at the Internet Society, warned against too much dependence upon information platform providers in shaping solutions to improve the information environment. Anonymous respondent. Filtering is communicating only some of the available information in order to manage the listener's reactions . They said certain actors in government, business and other individuals with propaganda agendas are highly driven to make technology work in their favor in the spread of misinformation, and there will continue to be more of them. This report concentrates on these follow-up responses. Content filters are unreliable because computer code and algorithms are still unable to adequately interpret, assess, and categorize the complexities of human communication, whether expressed in text or in image. Since there are multiple approaches you can take for completing each of these tasks, we'll focus instead on the high-level activities. They offered a range of suggestions, from regulatory reforms applied to the platforms that aid misinformation merchants to legal penalties applied to wrongdoers. Some predicted better methods will arise to create and promote trusted, fact-based news sources. A new system emerged and I believe we have the motivation and capability to do it again. Resolution on Opposition to Federally Mandated Internet Filtering(2001). D. Only one filter can be applied at a time. They also believe better information literacy among citizens will enable people to judge the veracity of material content and eventually raise the tone of discourse. So the responsibility is with the person who is seeking the news and trying to get information on what is going on. Furthermore, they said technologists will play an important role in helping filter out misinformation and modeling new digital literacy practices for users. The 2016 Brexit vote in the United Kingdom and the tumultuous U.S. presidential election highlighted how the digital age has affected news and cultural narratives. If you are looking to find a blue circle, in which of the following sets would you have the fastest reaction time? Consequently, consistent with previous resolutions, the American Library Association cannot recommend filtering. Starr Roxanne Hiltz, An executive consultant based in North America wrote, It comes down to motivation: There is no market for the truth. People who were more susceptible to . This section features responses by several of the top analysts who participated in this canvassing.
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